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1500 questions
207
votes
4 answers

Where are Apache file access logs stored?

Does anyone know where file access logs are stored, so I can run a tail -f command in order to see who is accessing a particular file. I have XAMPP, which is an Apache server installed on my machine, which automatically logs the accesses. It is…
AkshaiShah
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206
votes
2 answers

In CentOS, what is the difference between yum update and yum upgrade?

What is the difference between yum update and yum upgrade, and when should I use one over the other?
Lester Peabody
  • 2,399
206
votes
5 answers

grep returns "Binary file (standard input) matches" when trying to find a string pattern in file

I'm on Ubuntu and I typed cat .bash_history | grep git and it returned Binary file (standard input) matches My bash_history does exist and there are many lines in it that starts with git. What caused it to display this error and how can I fix it?
answerSeeker
  • 2,417
206
votes
9 answers

Split string by delimiter and get N-th element

I have a string: one_two_three_four_five I need to save in a variable A value two and in variable B value fourfrom the above string I am using ksh.
Alex
  • 2,325
206
votes
8 answers

What color codes can I use in my Bash PS1 prompt?

I used several colors in my bash PS1 prompt such as: \033]01;31\] # pink \033]00m\] # white \033]01;36\] # bold green \033]02;36\] # green \033]01;34\] # blue \033]01;33\] # bold yellow Where can I find a list of the color codes I can use? I…
Michael Durrant
  • 42,013
206
votes
5 answers

do changes in /etc/security/limits.conf require a reboot?

Do changes in /etc/security/limits.conf require a reboot before taking effect? For example, if I have a script that sets the following limits in /etc/security/limits.conf, does this require a system reboot before those limits will take effect? *…
Alexej Magura
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205
votes
2 answers

How to suspend and resume processes

In the bash terminal I can hit Control+Z to suspend any running process... then I can type fg to resume the process. Is it possible to suspend a process if I only have it's PID? And if so, what command should I use? I'm looking for something…
Stefan
  • 25,300
204
votes
8 answers

Using the not equal operator for string comparison

I tried to check if the PHONE_TYPE variable contains one of three valid values. if [ "$PHONE_TYPE" != "NORTEL" ] || [ "$PHONE_TYPE" != "NEC" ] || [ "$PHONE_TYPE" != "CISCO" ] then echo "Phone type must be nortel,cisco or nec" exit fi The…
munish
  • 7,987
204
votes
4 answers

What is the point of Ctrl-S?

Ctrl+S stops all output to the terminal which can be restarted with Ctrl+Q. But, why does Ctrl+S exist in the first place? What problem was trying to be solved by putting that control sequence in place?
Jeff King
  • 2,175
204
votes
13 answers

How to start tmux with attach if a session exists

If I use tmux attach I can attach to a running session but if there is no session running, I only get the error no sessions How can I automatically start a new session if there is none running? something like tmux attach-or-create-new-session
rubo77
  • 28,966
203
votes
5 answers

Is it possible to find out the hosts in the known_hosts file?

I would like to see what hosts are in my known_hosts file but it doesn't appear to be human readable. Is it possible to read it? More specifically there is a host that I can connect to via several names and I want to find out what the fingerprint I…
Colin Newell
  • 2,133
203
votes
3 answers

In Arch Linux how can I find out which package to install that will contain file X?

I'm looking for a package that provides a specific binary, so I can install it. how can I search to find out what packages provide this binary? (note: I know there's at least one tool that does this, but I have forgotten its name.)
xenoterracide
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203
votes
3 answers

Quoting within $(command substitution) in Bash

In my Bash environment I use variables containing spaces, and I use these variables within command substitution. What is the correct way to quote my variables? And how should I do it if these are nested? DIRNAME=$(dirname "$FILE") or do I quote…
CousinCocaine
  • 2,195
203
votes
14 answers

Batch renaming files

I have a directory full of images: image0001.png image0002.png image0003.png ... And I would like a one-liner to rename them to (say). 0001.png 0002.png 0003.png ... How do I do this?
Internet man
  • 3,641
202
votes
20 answers

Is there an easy way to replace duplicate files with hardlinks?

I'm looking for an easy way (a command or series of commands, probably involving find) to find duplicate files in two directories, and replace the files in one directory with hardlinks of the files in the other directory. Here's the situation: This…
Josh
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