šꜣ

See also: sꜣ

Egyptian

m

Declension of šꜣ (masculine)

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šꜣ

šꜣ

m

Declension of šꜣ (masculine)

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šꜣ

šꜣ

šw

2-lit. or 3ae inf.

(transitive) to put in order, to establish, to decree, to determine
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.4–2.5:
  
  ḏr.n ḏd.n.f n.sn jr ntt nbt m zẖꜣ ḥr pꜣ šfdw sḏm st mj ḏd.j st (j)m zn ḥꜣw ḥr šꜣꜣt
  In the end he said to them: As for everything in the writing on this scroll, heed it as I say it; don’t exceed what has been set down.
(transitive) to decide

Conjugation of šꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: šꜣ, geminated stem: šꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
šꜣ	šꜣw, šꜣ	šꜣt	šꜣ, j.šꜣ	šꜣ, j.šꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
šꜣ	ḥr šꜣ	m šꜣ	r šꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šꜣ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	šꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	šꜣ	šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣj⁶, šꜣ², šꜣw^{2 5}, šꜣy^{2 5}
imperfective	j.šꜣ¹, šꜣ, šꜣy, šꜣw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.šꜣ¹, j.šꜣw^{1 5}, šꜣ, šꜣj⁶, šꜣy⁶	šꜣ, šꜣw⁵
prospective	šꜣ, šꜣtj⁷	—	šꜣtj⁴, šꜣt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Allen instead apparently treats this as a 3ae-inf. verb šꜣj:

Conjugation of šꜣj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šꜣ, geminated stem: šꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
šꜣt, šꜣj	šꜣw, šꜣ	šꜣt, šꜣwt, šꜣyt	šꜣ	šꜣ, šꜣy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
šꜣ⁸, šꜣꜣ⁸	ḥr šꜣt, ḥr šꜣj	m šꜣt, m šꜣj	r šꜣt, r šꜣj

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šꜣ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	šꜣw¹, šꜣy, šꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	šꜣ	šꜣy, šꜣ
imperfective	šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣy, šꜣꜣw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣj⁶, šꜣꜣy⁶	šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣw⁵
prospective	šꜣw¹, šꜣy, šꜣ, šꜣtj⁷	—	šꜣwtj^{1 4}, šꜣtj⁴, šꜣt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 260–261
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 171, 254, 374.

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