πινυτός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

πνυτός (pnutós)

Etymology

The relation between the relevant forms has not been satisfactorily explained thus far. Older explanations take this word to have somehow developed out of a full grade form *penu-, with ε raised to ι, so as to connect the word with Latin putō (“to prune; esteem, consider”) and Proto-Slavic *pytati (“to ask, examine”), both from Proto-Indo-European *pew-. However, these attempts must be rejected for a number of reasons. First, a form *penu- is not attested; secondly, the change ε/ι is not systematic; third, the alternative form πνυτός (pnutós) is unexpected. The last variation is, however, known from Pre-Greek, and must reflect the varying rendering of a palatalized cluster. The etymon has nothing to do with πνέω (pnéō, “to breathe”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pi.ny.tós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pi.nyˈtos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pi.nyˈtos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /pi.nyˈtos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /pi.niˈtos/

Adjective

πῐνῠτός • (pinutós) m (feminine πῐνῠτή, neuter πῐνῠτόν); first/second declension

prudent, discreet

Inflection

First and second declension of πῐνῠτός; πῐνῠτή; πῐνῠτόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	πῐνῠτός pinutós	πῐνῠτή pinutḗ	πῐνῠτόν pinutón	πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ	πῐνῠτᾱ́ pinutā́	πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ	πῐνῠτοί pinutoí	πῐνῠταί pinutaí	πῐνῠτᾰ́ pinutá
Genitive	πῐνῠτοῦ pinutoû	πῐνῠτῆς pinutês	πῐνῠτοῦ pinutoû	πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn	πῐνῠταῖν pinutaîn	πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn	πῐνῠτῶν pinutôn	πῐνῠτῶν pinutôn	πῐνῠτῶν pinutôn
Dative	πῐνῠτῷ pinutôi	πῐνῠτῇ pinutêi	πῐνῠτῷ pinutôi	πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn	πῐνῠταῖν pinutaîn	πῐνῠτοῖν pinutoîn	πῐνῠτοῖς pinutoîs	πῐνῠταῖς pinutaîs	πῐνῠτοῖς pinutoîs
Accusative	πῐνῠτόν pinutón	πῐνῠτήν pinutḗn	πῐνῠτόν pinutón	πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ	πῐνῠτᾱ́ pinutā́	πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ	πῐνῠτούς pinutoús	πῐνῠτᾱ́ς pinutā́s	πῐνῠτᾰ́ pinutá
Vocative	πῐνῠτέ pinuté	πῐνῠτή pinutḗ	πῐνῠτόν pinutón	πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ	πῐνῠτᾱ́ pinutā́	πῐνῠτώ pinutṓ	πῐνῠτοί pinutoí	πῐνῠταί pinutaí	πῐνῠτᾰ́ pinutá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	πῐνῠτῶς pinutôs			πῐνῠτώτερος pinutṓteros			πῐνῠτώτᾰτος pinutṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

πίνυσις (pínusis)
πινύσσω (pinússō)
πινυτή (pinutḗ)
πινυτής (pinutḗs)
πινυτότης (pinutótēs)
πινυτόφρων (pinutóphrōn)