اتفاقا
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic اِتِّفَاقًا (ittifāqan).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔit.ti.fɑː.qan]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑː.qän]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔɪt̪.t̪ʰɪ.fɑː.qän]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔit̪.t̪ʰi.fɔː.qän]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔet̪.t̪ʰe.fɒː.ʁæn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔit̪.t̪ʰi.fɔ.qän]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | ittifāqan |
| Dari reading? | ittifāqan |
| Iranian reading? | ettefâğan |
| Tajik reading? | ittifoqan |
Adverb
اتفاقا • (ettefâqan)
- accidentally, by chance
- c. 1260, Rumi, “4:186”, in The Masnavi:
- خواست دختر را ببیند زیر دست، اتفاقا دختر اندر مکتبست
- xâst doxtar-râ be-binad zir-e dast, ettefâqan doxtar andar maktab-ast
- She wished to privately meet with the girl, [but] as it so happens the girl is at the maktab
- occasionally
Related terms
- اتفاق (ettefâq, “chance, accident”)
Descendants
- → Hindustani:
- Urdu: اتفاقاً (ittifāqan)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian اتفاقاً (ittifāqan), itself from Arabic اِتِّفَاقًا (ittifāqan).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɪt̪.t̪ɪ.fɑː.qən/, [ɪt̪.t̪e.fɑː.qən], [-kən]
- Rhymes: -ən
Adjective
اِتِّفاقاً • (ittifāqan) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling इत्तिफ़ाक़न)
Adverb
اِتِّفاقاً • (ittifāqan) (Hindi spelling इत्तिफ़ाक़न)
Further reading
- “اتفاقا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “اتفاقا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “اتفاق”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
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