توران

"Son of Tur," whose name is of uncertain origin; possibly from تور (“brave”). The name is attested in the Avesta as 𐬙𐬏𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (tūⁱriia), drawing comparisons to Sanskrit तुरीय (turīya, “fourth”).

توران • (turân)

1. Turan

• تورانی (turâni, “Turanian”)

• → Gujarati: તુરાન (turān), તૂરાન (tūrān)
• → Urdu: توران (tūrān)

• Brill (1993): First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936, p. 879
• “Turk”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
• Shantaram Bhalchandra Deo, Sūryanātha Kāmat (1993): The Aryan Problem: Papers Presented at the Seminar on the Aryan Problem Held at Bangalore in July 1991, p. 93

Borrowed from Classical Persian توران (tūrān, “Turan”).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t̪uː.ɾɑːn/

توران • (tūrān) ?

1. Turan; Central Asia
2. Turkestan; the realm of the Turkic peoples

• تورانی (tūrānī, “Turanian”)

• “توران”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “توران”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John Thompson (1884) “توران”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., →ISBN, →OCLC
• “توران”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.