كنف

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ك ن ف (k-n-f), with some senses denominally derived from كَنِيف (kanīf, “a toilet”). The noun kanaf is from Proto-Semitic *kanap-, and cognate with Akkadian 𒉺 (kappu^m, “wing, branch”), Hebrew כנף (kanáf, “wing”), Ge'ez ክንፍ (kənf, “wing, fin”).

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /ka.na.fa/

Verb

كَنَفَ • (kanafa) I, non-past يَكْنُفُ‎ (yaknufu) (transitive)

to enclose (an area); to fence
to confine (something or someone); to shut, lock, close, or fence in; to enclose
Synonyms: حَبَسَ (ḥabasa), حَجَرَ (ḥajara), حَجَزَ (ḥajaza), أَمْسَكَ (ʔamsaka)
to protect; to guard; to keep; to shelter
Synonyms: حَفَظَ (ḥafaẓa), حَمَى (ḥamā), صَانَ (ṣāna), سَتَرَ (satara)
1. to raise or treat as a relation (especially as one's child); to adopt
  Synonym: تَبَنَّى (tabannā)
to outspread (one's hands) like a bowl
Synonym: جَمَعَ (jamaʕa)
to supply (an area) with a toilet

Conjugation

Conjugation of

كَنَفَ

(form-I sound, verbal nouns كَنْف or كُنُوف)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر					كَنْف or كُنُوف kanf or kunūf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					كَانِف kānif
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَكْنُوف maknūf
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كَنَفْتُ kanaftu	كَنَفْتَ kanafta	كَنَفَ kanafa	كَنَفْتُمَا kanaftumā	كَنَفَا kanafā	كَنَفْنَا kanafnā	كَنَفْتُمْ kanaftum	كَنَفُوا kanafū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	كَنَفْتُ kanaftu	كَنَفْتِ kanafti	كَنَفَتْ kanafat	كَنَفْتُمَا kanaftumā	كَنَفَتَا kanafatā	كَنَفْنَا kanafnā	كَنَفْتُنَّ kanaftunna	كَنَفْنَ kanafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَكْنُفُ ʔaknufu	تَكْنُفُ taknufu	يَكْنُفُ yaknufu	تَكْنُفَانِ taknufāni	يَكْنُفَانِ yaknufāni	نَكْنُفُ naknufu	تَكْنُفُونَ taknufūna	يَكْنُفُونَ yaknufūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَكْنُفُ ʔaknufu	تَكْنُفِينَ taknufīna	تَكْنُفُ taknufu	تَكْنُفَانِ taknufāni	تَكْنُفَانِ taknufāni	نَكْنُفُ naknufu	تَكْنُفْنَ taknufna	يَكْنُفْنَ yaknufna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَكْنُفَ ʔaknufa	تَكْنُفَ taknufa	يَكْنُفَ yaknufa	تَكْنُفَا taknufā	يَكْنُفَا yaknufā	نَكْنُفَ naknufa	تَكْنُفُوا taknufū	يَكْنُفُوا yaknufū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَكْنُفَ ʔaknufa	تَكْنُفِي taknufī	تَكْنُفَ taknufa	تَكْنُفَا taknufā	تَكْنُفَا taknufā	نَكْنُفَ naknufa	تَكْنُفْنَ taknufna	يَكْنُفْنَ yaknufna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَكْنُفْ ʔaknuf	تَكْنُفْ taknuf	يَكْنُفْ yaknuf	تَكْنُفَا taknufā	يَكْنُفَا yaknufā	نَكْنُفْ naknuf	تَكْنُفُوا taknufū	يَكْنُفُوا yaknufū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَكْنُفْ ʔaknuf	تَكْنُفِي taknufī	تَكْنُفْ taknuf	تَكْنُفَا taknufā	تَكْنُفَا taknufā	نَكْنُفْ naknuf	تَكْنُفْنَ taknufna	يَكْنُفْنَ yaknufna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُكْنُفْ uknuf		اُكْنُفَا uknufā			اُكْنُفُوا uknufū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اُكْنُفِي uknufī		اُكْنُفَا uknufā			اُكْنُفْنَ uknufna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كُنِفْتُ kuniftu	كُنِفْتَ kunifta	كُنِفَ kunifa	كُنِفْتُمَا kuniftumā	كُنِفَا kunifā	كُنِفْنَا kunifnā	كُنِفْتُمْ kuniftum	كُنِفُوا kunifū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	كُنِفْتُ kuniftu	كُنِفْتِ kunifti	كُنِفَتْ kunifat	كُنِفْتُمَا kuniftumā	كُنِفَتَا kunifatā	كُنِفْنَا kunifnā	كُنِفْتُنَّ kuniftunna	كُنِفْنَ kunifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُكْنَفُ ʔuknafu	تُكْنَفُ tuknafu	يُكْنَفُ yuknafu	تُكْنَفَانِ tuknafāni	يُكْنَفَانِ yuknafāni	نُكْنَفُ nuknafu	تُكْنَفُونَ tuknafūna	يُكْنَفُونَ yuknafūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُكْنَفُ ʔuknafu	تُكْنَفِينَ tuknafīna	تُكْنَفُ tuknafu	تُكْنَفَانِ tuknafāni	تُكْنَفَانِ tuknafāni	نُكْنَفُ nuknafu	تُكْنَفْنَ tuknafna	يُكْنَفْنَ yuknafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُكْنَفَ ʔuknafa	تُكْنَفَ tuknafa	يُكْنَفَ yuknafa	تُكْنَفَا tuknafā	يُكْنَفَا yuknafā	نُكْنَفَ nuknafa	تُكْنَفُوا tuknafū	يُكْنَفُوا yuknafū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُكْنَفَ ʔuknafa	تُكْنَفِي tuknafī	تُكْنَفَ tuknafa	تُكْنَفَا tuknafā	تُكْنَفَا tuknafā	نُكْنَفَ nuknafa	تُكْنَفْنَ tuknafna	يُكْنَفْنَ yuknafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُكْنَفْ ʔuknaf	تُكْنَفْ tuknaf	يُكْنَفْ yuknaf	تُكْنَفَا tuknafā	يُكْنَفَا yuknafā	نُكْنَفْ nuknaf	تُكْنَفُوا tuknafū	يُكْنَفُوا yuknafū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُكْنَفْ ʔuknaf	تُكْنَفِي tuknafī	تُكْنَفْ tuknaf	تُكْنَفَا tuknafā	تُكْنَفَا tuknafā	نُكْنَفْ nuknaf	تُكْنَفْنَ tuknafna	يُكْنَفْنَ yuknafna

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /ka.naf/

Noun

كَنَف • (kanaf) m (plural أَكْنَاف (ʔaknāf))

(countable, of primates) the lateral part of the torso, the side
Synonym: حِضْن (ḥiḍn)
(countable, of avians or other winged animals) the lateral propelling organ, the wing
Synonym: جَنَاح (janāḥ)
(countable) a shadow
Synonym: ظِلّ (ẓill)
(uncountable) guardianship; protection; keeping; patronage
Synonyms: سِتْر (sitr), صَوْن (ṣawn), حِفْظ (ḥifẓ), حِمَاية (ḥimāya), رِعَايَة (riʕāya), عِنَايَة (ʕināya)

Hyponym: نَفَقَة (nafaqa, “financial support”)

Declension

Declension of noun كَنَف (kanaf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَنَف kanaf	الْكَنَف al-kanaf	كَنَف kanaf
Nominative	كَنَفٌ kanafun	الْكَنَفُ al-kanafu	كَنَفُ kanafu
Accusative	كَنَفًا kanafan	الْكَنَفَ al-kanafa	كَنَفَ kanafa
Genitive	كَنَفٍ kanafin	الْكَنَفِ al-kanafi	كَنَفِ kanafi

References

Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “كنف”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
Lane, Edward William (1863) “كنف”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
Wehr, Hans (1960) “كنف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Otto Harrassowitz

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