गङ्गा
Pali
Alternative forms
Declension
Declension table of "गङ्गा" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | गङ्गा (gaṅgā) |
| Accusative (second) | गङ्गं (gaṅgaṃ) |
| Instrumental (third) | गङ्गाय (gaṅgāya) |
| Dative (fourth) | गङ्गाय (gaṅgāya) |
| Ablative (fifth) | गङ्गाय (gaṅgāya) |
| Genitive (sixth) | गङ्गाय (gaṅgāya) |
| Locative (seventh) | गङ्गाय (gaṅgāya) or गङ्गायं (gaṅgāyaṃ) |
| Vocative (calling) | गङ्गे (gaṅge) |
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- गंगा (gaṃgā)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গঙ্গা (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬗ᭄ᬕᬵ (Balinese script)
- গঙ্গা (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰒𑰿𑰐𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀗𑁆𑀕𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ဂင်္ဂါ (Burmese script)
- ગઙ્ગા (Gujarati script)
- ਗਙ੍ਗਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑌙𑍍𑌗𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦔ꧀ꦒꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂑𑂹𑂏𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಗಙ್ಗಾ (Kannada script)
- គង្គា (Khmer script)
- ຄງ຺ຄາ (Lao script)
- ഗങ്ഗാ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᠠᢛᡤᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘒𑘿𑘐𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠠᢊᠺᠠᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑦲𑧠𑦰𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐒𑑂𑐐𑐵 (Newa script)
- ଗଙ୍ଗା (Odia script)
- ꢔꢖ꣄ꢔꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆕𑇀𑆓𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖒𑖿𑖐𑖯 (Siddham script)
- ගඞ්ගා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩠 𑪙𑩞𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚎𑚶𑚌𑚭 (Takri script)
- க³ங்க³ா (Tamil script)
- గఙ్గా (Telugu script)
- คงฺคา (Thai script)
- ག་ངྒཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒓𑓂𑒑𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨏𑩇𑨍𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Probably from the root गम् (gam, “to go, move”), literally meaning "swift-goer". If a folk etymology, perhaps alternatively of substrate origin.
Proper noun
गङ्गा • (gáṅgā) f
- the river Ganges
- Ganges river personified as the goddess, Ganga
- RV 10.75.5
- इमं मे गङगे यमुने सरस्वति शुतुद्रि सतेमं सचता परुष्ण्या |
- असिक्न्या मरुद्व्र्धे वितस्तयार्जीकीये शर्णुह्यासुषोमया ||
- imaṃ me gaṅge yamune sarasvati śutudri stemaṃ sacatā paruṣṇyā |
- asiknyā marudvṛdhe vitastayārjīkīye śṛṇuhyāsuṣomayā ||
- Favour ye this my laud, O Gaṅgā, Yamunā, O Sutudri, Paruṣṇī and Sarasvatī:
- With Asikni, Vitasta, O Marudvrdha, O Ārjīkīya with Susoma hear my call.
- RV 10.75.5
Declension
| Feminine ā-stem declension of गङ्गा (gáṅgā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | गङ्गा gáṅgā |
गङ्गे gáṅge |
गङ्गाः gáṅgāḥ |
| Vocative | गङ्गे gáṅge |
गङ्गे gáṅge |
गङ्गाः gáṅgāḥ |
| Accusative | गङ्गाम् gáṅgām |
गङ्गे gáṅge |
गङ्गाः gáṅgāḥ |
| Instrumental | गङ्गया / गङ्गा¹ gáṅgayā / gáṅgā¹ |
गङ्गाभ्याम् gáṅgābhyām |
गङ्गाभिः gáṅgābhiḥ |
| Dative | गङ्गायै gáṅgāyai |
गङ्गाभ्याम् gáṅgābhyām |
गङ्गाभ्यः gáṅgābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | गङ्गायाः / गङ्गायै² gáṅgāyāḥ / gáṅgāyai² |
गङ्गाभ्याम् gáṅgābhyām |
गङ्गाभ्यः gáṅgābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | गङ्गायाः / गङ्गायै² gáṅgāyāḥ / gáṅgāyai² |
गङ्गयोः gáṅgayoḥ |
गङ्गानाम् gáṅgānām |
| Locative | गङ्गायाम् gáṅgāyām |
गङ्गयोः gáṅgayoḥ |
गङ्गासु gáṅgāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- → Ancient Greek: Γάγγης (Gángēs)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀕𑀸 (gaṃgā)
- Old Awadhi: 𑂏𑂰𑂀𑂏
- → Assamese: গংগা (goṅga)
- → Bengali: গঙ্গা (goṅga)
- → Czech: Ganga
- → Dhivehi: ގަންގާ (gan̊gā)
- → Gujarati: ગંગા (gaṅgā)
- → Hindi: गंगा (gaṅgā)
- → Kannada: ಗಂಗಾ (gaṅgā)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- → Malayalam: ഗംഗ (gaṅga)
- → Marathi: गंगा (gaṅgā)
- → Middle Chinese: 恆伽 (MC hong gja)
- → Middle Persian:
- → Old Javanese:
- Javanese: ꦒꦁꦒ (gangga)
- → Old Tamil:
- Tamil: கங்கை (kaṅkai)
- → Odia: ଗଙ୍ଗା (gôṅga)
- Pali: gaṅgā
- → Punjabi: ਗੰਗਾ (gaṅgā)
- → Sinhalese: ගංගා (gaṁgā)
- → Telugu: గంగ (gaṅga)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “गङ्गा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 341/2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 457
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