रथ

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रथ (rátha), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrátʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (“to roll”).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɾət̪ʰ/, [ɾɐt̪ʰ], /rət̪ʰ/

Noun

रथ • (rath) m

a chariot
रथ यात्रा ― rath yātrā ― Rath Yatra

Declension

Declension of रथ (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	रथ rath	रथ rath
oblique	रथ rath	रथों rathõ
vocative	रथ rath	रथो ratho

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit रथ (ratha).

Noun

रथ • (ratha) m

chariot
- 1422, unknown, कालिकसूरिकथा :
  पुंतार पुंतारि स्यउं असवार असवारि स्यउं रथ रथि स्यउं पायक पायकि स्यउं युद्ध नीपजावइ।
  puṃtāra puṃtāri syaüṃ asavāra asavāri syaüṃ ratha rathi syaüṃ pāyaka pāyaki syaüṃ yuddha nīpajāvaï.
  Mahout with mahout, rider with rider, chariot with chariot, foot soldier with foot soldier, there was war.

Pali

Alternative forms

ratha (Latin script)
𑀭𑀣 (Brahmi script)
রথ (Bengali script)
රථ (Sinhalese script)
ရထ (Burmese script)
รถ or ระถะ (Thai script)
ᩁᨳ (Tai Tham script)
ຣຖ or ຣະຖະ (Lao script)
រថ (Khmer script)
𑄢𑄗 (Chakma script)

Noun

रथ m

Devanagari script form of ratha (“chariot; delight”)

Declension

Declension table of "रथ" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	रथो (ratho)	रथा (rathā)
Accusative (second)	रथं (rathaṃ)	रथे (rathe)
Instrumental (third)	रथेन (rathena)	रथेहि (rathehi) or रथेभि (rathebhi)
Dative (fourth)	रथस्स (rathassa) or रथाय (rathāya) or रथत्थं (rathatthaṃ)	रथानं (rathānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	रथस्मा (rathasmā) or रथम्हा (rathamhā) or रथा (rathā)	रथेहि (rathehi) or रथेभि (rathebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	रथस्स (rathassa)	रथानं (rathānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	रथस्मिं (rathasmiṃ) or रथम्हि (rathamhi) or रथे (rathe)	रथेसु (rathesu)
Vocative (calling)	रथ (ratha)	रथा (rathā)

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 7 July 2018

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

ৰথ (Assamese script)
ᬭᬣ (Balinese script)
রথ (Bengali script)
𑰨𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀭𑀣 (Brahmi script)
ရထ (Burmese script)
રથ (Gujarati script)
ਰਥ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌰𑌥 (Grantha script)
ꦫꦡ (Javanese script)
𑂩𑂟 (Kaithi script)
ರಥ (Kannada script)
រថ (Khmer script)
ຣຖ (Lao script)
രഥ (Malayalam script)
ᡵᠠᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘨𑘞 (Modi script)
ᠷᠠᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧈𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
𑐬𑐠 (Newa script)
ରଥ (Odia script)
ꢬꢢ (Saurashtra script)
𑆫𑆡 (Sharada script)
𑖨𑖞 (Siddham script)
රථ (Sinhalese script)
𑩼𑩬 (Soyombo script)
𑚤𑚚 (Takri script)
ரத² (Tamil script)
రథ (Telugu script)
รถ (Thai script)
ར་ཐ (Tibetan script)
𑒩𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
𑨫𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrátʰas (“chariot, car”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂-os, from *Hreth₂- (“to roll”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀 (raθa, “chariot, car”), Latin rota, Old Irish roth, Old High German rad, Lithuanian ratas.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ́.tʰɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɾɐ.t̪ʰɐ/

Noun

रथ • (rátha) stem, m

chariot, car, especially a two-wheeled war-chariot (lighter and swifter than the अनस् (anas)), any vehicle or equipage or carriage (applied also to the vehicles of the gods), waggon, cart
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.20.12:
  स्थिरा धन्वान्यायुधा रथेषु वोऽनीकेष्वधि श्रियः ॥
  sthirā dhanvānyāyudhā ratheṣu voʼnīkeṣvadhi śriyaḥ.
  Strong are your bows and strong the weapons in your cars, and glory sits on every face.
warrior, hero, champion

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रथ (rátha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रथः ráthaḥ	रथौ / रथा¹ ráthau / ráthā¹	रथाः / रथासः¹ ráthāḥ / ráthāsaḥ¹
Vocative	रथ rátha	रथौ / रथा¹ ráthau / ráthā¹	रथाः / रथासः¹ ráthāḥ / ráthāsaḥ¹
Accusative	रथम् rátham	रथौ / रथा¹ ráthau / ráthā¹	रथान् ráthān
Instrumental	रथेन ráthena	रथाभ्याम् ráthābhyām	रथैः / रथेभिः¹ ráthaiḥ / ráthebhiḥ¹
Dative	रथाय ráthāya	रथाभ्याम् ráthābhyām	रथेभ्यः ráthebhyaḥ
Ablative	रथात् ráthāt	रथाभ्याम् ráthābhyām	रथेभ्यः ráthebhyaḥ
Genitive	रथस्य ráthasya	रथयोः ráthayoḥ	रथानाम् ráthānām
Locative	रथे ráthe	रथयोः ráthayoḥ	रथेषु rátheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

दशरथ (daśaratha)
रथसप्तमी (rathasaptamī)
रथोत्सव (rathotsava)

Descendants

→ Burmese: ရထား (ra.hta:)
→ Gujarati: રથ (rath)
→ Kannada: ರಥ (ratha)
→ Khmer: រថ (rŭət)
→ Lao: ລົດ (lot), ຣົຖ (rot)
Pali: ratha
Prakrit: 𑀭𑀳 (raha)
- Old Gujarati: रह (raha)
⇒ Hindustani: rẽṛhū
Hindi: रेंढ़ू

Urdu: رینڑهو
→ Old Javanese: ratha
- Javanese: ꦫꦠ (rata)
- → Balinese: ᬭᬣ (rata)
→ Kannada: ರಥ (ratha)
→ Malayalam: രഥം (rathaṁ)
→ Sinhalese: රථ (ratha), රථය (rathaya)
→ Tamil: இரதம் (iratam)
→ Telugu: రథము (rathamu)
→ Thai: รถ (rót)

Etymology 2

From verbal root रम् (ram, “to delight, be glad, rejoice etc.”).

Noun

रथ • (ratha) stem, m

pleasure, joy, delight (compare मनोरथ (mano-ratha))
affection, love

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रथ (ratha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रथः rathaḥ	रथौ / रथा¹ rathau / rathā¹	रथाः / रथासः¹ rathāḥ / rathāsaḥ¹
Vocative	रथ ratha	रथौ / रथा¹ rathau / rathā¹	रथाः / रथासः¹ rathāḥ / rathāsaḥ¹
Accusative	रथम् ratham	रथौ / रथा¹ rathau / rathā¹	रथान् rathān
Instrumental	रथेन rathena	रथाभ्याम् rathābhyām	रथैः / रथेभिः¹ rathaiḥ / rathebhiḥ¹
Dative	रथाय rathāya	रथाभ्याम् rathābhyām	रथेभ्यः rathebhyaḥ
Ablative	रथात् rathāt	रथाभ्याम् rathābhyām	रथेभ्यः rathebhyaḥ
Genitive	रथस्य rathasya	रथयोः rathayoḥ	रथानाम् rathānām
Locative	रथे rathe	रथयोः rathayoḥ	रथेषु ratheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899) “रथ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0865.

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