साक्षिन्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

সাক্ষিন্ (Assamese script)
ᬲᬵᬓ᭄ᬱᬶᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
সাক্ষিন্ (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰯𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰰𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑀸𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀺𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
သာက္ၑိန် (Burmese script)
સાક્ષિન્ (Gujarati script)
ਸਾਕ੍ਸ਼ਿਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑌾𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌿𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦱꦴꦏ꧀ꦰꦶꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂰𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂱𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಸಾಕ್ಷಿೝ (Kannada script)
សាក្ឞិន៑ (Khmer script)
ສາກ຺ຩິນ຺ (Lao script)
സാക്ഷിന് (Malayalam script)
ᠰᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡬᢢᡳᠨ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘰𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘱𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠰᠠᢗᢉᢔᠢᠨ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧑𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧒𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐶𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
ସାକ୍ଷିନ୍ (Odia script)
ꢱꢵꢒ꣄ꢰꢶꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑆳𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆴𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖯𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖰𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
සාක්‍ෂින් (Sinhalese script)
𑪁𑩛𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩑𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚭𑚊𑚶𑚮𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
ஸாக்ஷிந் (Tamil script)
సాక్షిౝ (Telugu script)
สากฺษินฺ (Thai script)
སཱ་ཀྵི་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑒰𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒱𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑨊𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨁𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From a compound of साक्ष (sākṣa) +‎ -इन् (-in), with the first element itself being a compound of स (sa, “with, having (the same)”) + अक्ष (akṣa, “eyes”), literally meaning "with or having eyes".

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɑːk.ʂin/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪ɑːk.ʂin̪/

Noun

साक्षिन् • (sākṣin) stem, m (feminine साक्षिणी)

witness, spectator

Declension

Masculine in-stem declension of साक्षिन् (sākṣin)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	साक्षी sākṣī	साक्षिणौ / साक्षिणा¹ sākṣiṇau / sākṣiṇā¹	साक्षिणः sākṣiṇaḥ
Vocative	साक्षिन् sākṣin	साक्षिणौ / साक्षिणा¹ sākṣiṇau / sākṣiṇā¹	साक्षिणः sākṣiṇaḥ
Accusative	साक्षिणम् sākṣiṇam	साक्षिणौ / साक्षिणा¹ sākṣiṇau / sākṣiṇā¹	साक्षिणः sākṣiṇaḥ
Instrumental	साक्षिणा sākṣiṇā	साक्षिभ्याम् sākṣibhyām	साक्षिभिः sākṣibhiḥ
Dative	साक्षिणे sākṣiṇe	साक्षिभ्याम् sākṣibhyām	साक्षिभ्यः sākṣibhyaḥ
Ablative	साक्षिणः sākṣiṇaḥ	साक्षिभ्याम् sākṣibhyām	साक्षिभ्यः sākṣibhyaḥ
Genitive	साक्षिणः sākṣiṇaḥ	साक्षिणोः sākṣiṇoḥ	साक्षिणाम् sākṣiṇām
Locative	साक्षिणि sākṣiṇi	साक्षिणोः sākṣiṇoḥ	साक्षिषु sākṣiṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Shina: [script needed] (sāc̣)
Pali: sakkhi
Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺 (sakkhi)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Awadhi: साखी (sākhī)
    - Hindustani: sākhī
      - Hindi: साखी
      - Urdu: سَاکھِی (sākhī)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: সাখি (xakhi)
    - Bengali: সাখি (śakhi)
    - Bihari:
      - Maithili: साखि (sākhɨ)
    - Odia: ସାଖୀ (sakhi)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Kumaoni: साखी (sākhī), शाकि (śākⁱ)
- Northwestern:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Takka Apabhramsa:
      - Punjabi: sākhī
        Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਖੀ
        
        Shahmukhi script: سَاکھِی
        
        Lahnda: ساکھی (sākhī)
    - Vracada Apabhramsa:
      - Sindhi: sākhī
        Arabic script: سَاڪِي
        
        Devanagari script: साखी
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ހެކި (heki)
- Western:
  - Gurjar Apabhramsa:
    - Old Gujarati: साखी (sākhī)

Borrowed terms

→ Bengali: সাক্ষী (śakkhi)
→ Burmese: သက်သေ (sakse)
→ Hindi: साक्षी (sākṣī)
→ Khmer: សាក្សី (saksəy)
→ Lao: ສັກຂີ (sak khī), ສະຂິ (sa khi)
→ Malay: saksi
- Indonesian: saksi
- → Cebuano: saksi
- → Higaonon: saksi
- → Ilocano: saksi
- → Masbatenyo: saksi
- → Min Nan: 肖示 (siau-sī), 肖視 (siau-sī)
- → Tagalog: saksi
→ Old Javanese: sākṣī
- Javanese: ꦱꦏ꧀ꦱꦶ (saksi)
- Javanese: ꦱꦼꦏ꧀ꦱꦶ (seksi)
- → Balinese: ᬲᬵᬓ᭄ᬱᬷ (saksi)
→ Tamil: சாட்சி (cāṭci)
→ Thai: สักขี (sàk-kǐi)

References

A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Anglo-Saxon, and other cognate Indo-European Languages By Monier Williams, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, p. 1197
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “saksin”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 769

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