ᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ

Proto-Norse

Etymology

This form cannot be directly descended from Proto-Germanic *þôz, feminine nominative/accusative plural of *sa (“that”) (whence Gothic 𐌸𐍉𐍃 (þōs)). It rather appears to be formed from masculine nominative plural *þai, suffixed with the feminine ending *-ōz.[1] Compare ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ (þrijoʀ /⁠þrijōʀ⁠/, “three”) (feminine nominative), formed in the same way.

Pronoun

ᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ (þᴀiᴀʀ /þaiaʀ/) (feminine nominative/accusative plural) (Transitional Period)

  1. they, these
    • 600s, inscription on the Istaby Runestone
      ᛡᚠᚨᛏᛉᚺᛡᚱᛁᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᚨ ¶ ᚺᛡᚦᚢᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᛉᚺᛡᛖᚱᚢᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᛁᛉ ¶ ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏᚱᚢᚾᛡᛉᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ
      ᴀfatzhᴀriwulafa ¶ hᴀþuwulafzhᴀeruwulafiz ¶ warᴀitrunᴀzþᴀiᴀz
      afᵃtr Hariwulᵃfa, Haþuwulᵃfʀ Hjeruwulᵃfīʀ, wᵃrait rūnaʀ þaiaʀ
      In memory of Hariwulfʀ, Haþuwulfʀ, the descendant of Heruwulfʀ, wrote these runes.

Descendants

The vowel shift is identical to that of tvær (“two”, feminine nominative/accusative).

  • Old West Norse: þær
  • Old East Norse: þáʀ, ᚦᛆᛧ
  • Old Gutnish: þar

References
  1. Elmer H., Antonsen (1975) A Concise Grammar of the Older Runic Inscriptions, Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, →ISBN, page 84
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