ḥꜣm

See also: ḫꜣm

Egyptian

Compare with Hebrew חרם (ḥerem, “net”).

3-lit.

(transitive) to catch (a fish), to fish up [since the Pyramid Texts]
(transitive, by extension) to fish (anything) out of water [since the Pyramid Texts]
(transitive, by extension) to catch other entities, such as fowl, snakes, or the dead, with a net [Book of the Dead]
(transitive) to fish with (a net) [Book of the Dead]
(transitive, Late Egyptian) to catch red-handed, to catch (someone) doing something forbidden
(intransitive) to fish [since the Pyramid Texts]

Conjugation of ḥꜣm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥꜣm, geminated stem: ḥꜣmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ḥꜣm	ḥꜣmw, ḥꜣm	ḥꜣmt	ḥꜣm	ḥꜣm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ḥꜣm	ḥr ḥꜣm	m ḥꜣm	r ḥꜣm

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḥꜣm.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ḥꜣm	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḥꜣm	ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmw⁵, ḥꜣmy⁵
imperfective	ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmy, ḥꜣmw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmj⁶, ḥꜣmy⁶	ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmw⁵
prospective	ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmtj⁷	—	ḥꜣmtj⁴, ḥꜣmt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥꜣm

ḥꜣm

ḥm

[Old Kingdom]

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 31.12–32.2
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 163

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