ḫm

See also: hm, HM, .hm, h'm, H.M., and ḥm

Egyptian

FWOTD – 6 February 2020

2-lit.

(transitive) to remain ignorant of; to not know or learn
- c. 2353 BCE – 2323 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Unas — south wall of the antechamber, line 10–11, spell 262.1:[1]
  
  ḏd-mdw m ḫm wnjs nṯr sṯ ṯw rḫ.t(j) sw sṯ sw rḫ ṯw
  Recitation: Do not be ignorant of Unas, o god, since you know him, since he knows you.

Conjugation of ḫm (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḫm, geminated stem: ḫmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ḫm	ḫmw, ḫm	ḫmt	ḫm, j.ḫm	ḫm, j.ḫm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ḫm	ḥr ḫm	m ḫm	r ḫm

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḫm.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ḫm	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḫm	ḫmm, ḫmmj⁶, ḫm², ḫmw^{2 5}, ḫmy^{2 5}
imperfective	j.ḫm¹, ḫm, ḫmy, ḫmw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.ḫm¹, j.ḫmw^{1 5}, ḫm, ḫmj⁶, ḫmy⁶	ḫm, ḫmw⁵
prospective	ḫm, ḫmtj⁷	—	ḫmtj⁴, ḫmt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

m./f. topo.

Letopolis
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 1–2:
  
  špss kꜣ pw ḫnt(j) ḏdw wr ẖrt m ḫm nb hnw m ꜥnḏtj ḫnt(j) ḏf(ꜣ) m jwnw
  He is noble of ka, this foremost one of Busiris, great of possessions in Letopolis, possessor of acclaim in (the nome of) Anedjti, foremost of provisions in Heliopolis, […]

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫm

ḫm

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 278.5–280.5, 280.15
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 284.

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume III, Providence: Brown University, PT 262.1 (Pyr. 327a), W

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