ὀρεύς
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From ὄρος (óros) + -εύς (-eús). Case-forms show Attic shortening of the original stem ὀρηϝ- (orēw-); see quantitative metathesis. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /o.rěu̯s/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /oˈrews/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /oˈreɸs/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /oˈrefs/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /oˈrefs/
Noun
ὀρεύς • (oreús) m (genitive ὀρέως); third declension
- mule, beast of burden
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 289–291:
- δεινόν: παντοδαπὸν γοῦν γίγνεται
τοτὲ μέν γε βοῦς, νυνὶ δ' ὀρεύς, τοτὲ δ' αὖ γυνὴ / ὡραιοτάτη τις.- deinón: pantodapòn goûn gígnetai
totè mén ge boûs, nunì d' oreús, totè d' aû gunḕ / hōraiotátē tis. - Awful... well, it takes all kinds of shapes:
at one time it was a cow, just now it was a mule, and then again a woman, / a very youthful one.
- deinón: pantodapòn goûn gígnetai
- δεινόν: παντοδαπὸν γοῦν γίγνεται
Usage notes
- Attic speakers preferred the term ἡμίονος, though the adjectival form ὀρικός was used in place of ἡμιονικός.
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ὀρεύς ho oreús |
τὼ ὀρῆ tṑ orê |
οἱ ὀρῆς / ὀρεῖς hoi orês / oreîs | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ὀρέως toû oréōs |
τοῖν ὀρέοιν toîn oréoin |
τῶν ὀρέων tôn oréōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ὀρεῖ tôi oreî |
τοῖν ὀρέοιν toîn oréoin |
τοῖς ὀρεῦσῐ / ὀρεῦσῐν toîs oreûsi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ὀρέᾱ tòn oréā |
τὼ ὀρῆ tṑ orê |
τοὺς ὀρέᾱς toùs oréās | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ὀρεῦ oreû |
ὀρῆ orê |
ὀρῆς / ὀρεῖς orês / oreîs | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὀρεύς oreús |
ὀρῆε orêe |
ὀρῆες orêes | ||||||||||
| Genitive | ὀρῆος / ὀρέος orêos / oréos |
ὀρήοιῐν orḗoiin |
ὀρήων orḗōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | ὀρῆῐ̈ / ὀρέῐ̈ orêï / oréï |
ὀρήοιῐν orḗoiin |
ὀρήεσσῐ / ὀρήεσσῐν / ὀρεῦσῐ / ὀρεῦσῐν orḗessi(n) / oreûsi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | ὀρῆᾰ / ὀρέᾰ orêa / oréa |
ὀρῆε orêe |
ὀρῆᾰς orêas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ὀρεῦ oreû |
ὀρῆε orêe |
ὀρῆες orêes | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ὀρεωκόμος (oreōkómos)
Further reading
- “ὀρεύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ὀρεύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ὀρεύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- mule idem, page 546.
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 319-320
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