こごえる

Japanese
Alternative spelling
凍える

Pronunciation

Verb

こごえる • (kogoeru) intransitive ichidan (stem こごえ (kogoe), past こごえた (kogoeta))

  1. to freeze, to be cold

Usage notes

凍(こご)える (kogoeru) is often used for body parts (of living organisms) to freeze, while 凍(こお)る (kōru) is often used for objects (e.g. water freezes).

Conjugation
Conjugation of "こごえる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") こごえ kogoe
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") こごえ kogoe
Shūshikei ("terminal") こごえる kogoeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") こごえる kogoeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") こごえれ kogoere
Meireikei ("imperative") こごえよ¹
こごえろ²		 kogoeyo¹
kogoero²
Key constructions
Passive こごえられる kogoerareru
Causative こごえさせる
こごえさす		 kogoesaseru
kogoesasu
Potential こごえられる
こごえれる³		 kogoerareru
kogoereru³
Volitional こごえよう kogoeyō
Negative こごえない
こごえぬ
こごえん		 kogoenai
kogoenu
kogoen
Negative continuative こごえず kogoezu
Formal こごえます kogoemasu
Perfective こごえた kogoeta
Conjunctive こごえて kogoete
Hypothetical conditional こごえれば kogoereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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