むくい

Japanese
Alternative spellings
報い
酬い (less common)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Originally derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb むくゆ (mukuyu, “to repay, to recompense”). In modern Japanese, analyzable as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of the modern descendant of mukuyu, verb 報いる・酬いる (mukuiru, “to repay, to recompense”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

むくい • (mukui) 

  1. [from 720] 報い, 酬い: (positive) reward, recompense, or (negative) retribution for having done something
    Synonyms: (positive sense) 報酬 (hōshū), (either positive or negative) 果報 (kahō), (“thanks”) 謝礼 (sharei), (“retaliation”) 仕返し (shikaeshi), (“revenge, vengeance”) 復讐 (fukushū)
  2. [from circa 999] 報い, 酬い: karma, karmic effect from something done in a previous life
    Synonym: (either positive or negative) 果報 (kahō)

Verb

むくい • (mukui) 

  1. 報い, 酬い: the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb むくいる (mukuiru, “to repay, to recompense”)

Verb

むくいする • (mukui suru) suru (stem むくいし (mukui suru shi), past むくいした (mukui suru shita))

  1. [from 1884] 報い, 酬い: to give thanks or compensate to someone for an action
    Synonyms: (“thanks”) 謝礼 (sharei), (“compensation, payment”) 報酬 (hōshū)
  2. [from circa 935] 報い, 酬い: to retaliate against or wreak vengeance on someone for an action
    Synonyms: (“retaliation”) 仕返し (shikaeshi), (“revenge, vengeance”) 復讐 (fukushū)

Inflection
Conjugation of "むくいする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") むくいし mukui shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") むくいし mukui shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") むくいする mukui suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") むくいする mukui suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") むくいすれ mukui sure
Meireikei ("imperative") むくいせよ¹
むくいしろ²		 mukui seyo¹
mukui shiro²
Key constructions
Passive むくいされる mukui sareru
Causative むくいさせる
むくいさす		 mukui saseru
mukui sasu
Potential むくいできる mukui dekiru
Volitional むくいしよう mukui shiyō
Negative むくいしない mukui shinai
Negative continuative むくいせず mukui sezu
Formal むくいします mukui shimasu
Perfective むくいした mukui shita
Conjunctive むくいして mukui shite
Hypothetical conditional むくいすれば mukui sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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