四天王天

Chinese

			day; sky; heaven
simp. and trad. (四天王天)		四天王	天

Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit चतुर् महाराजकायिक (catur mahārājakāyika) + Chinese 天 (tiān, “heaven”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Sì tiānwàng tiān

(Zhuyin): ㄙˋ ㄊㄧㄢㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄧㄢ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Sì tiānwàng tiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄙˋ ㄊㄧㄢㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Sìh tianwàng tian
  - Wade–Giles: Ssŭ⁴ tʻien¹-wang⁴ tʻien¹
  - Yale: Sz̀ tyān-wàng tyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Syh tianwanq tian
  - Palladius: Сы тяньван тянь (Sy tjanʹvan tjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: sijH then hjwang|hjwangH then

Rime
Character	四	天	王	王
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	透 (6)	云 (35)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	先 (85)	陽 (106)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	IV	III	III
Fanqie	息利切	他前切	雨方切	于放切
Baxter	sijH	then	hjwang	hjwangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪ^H/	/tʰen/	/ɦʉɐŋ/	/ɦʉɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/si^H/	/tʰen/	/ɦʷiɐŋ/	/ɦʷiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/sjɪ^H/	/tʰɛn/	/ɣiuɑŋ/	/ɣiuɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/si^H/	/tʰɛn/	/ɦuaŋ/	/ɦuaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/si^H/	/tʰen/	/ɣiuaŋ/	/ɣiuaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/si^H/	/tʰien/	/ɣĭwaŋ/	/ɣĭwaŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/si^H/	/tʰien/	/iwaŋ/	/iwaŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sì	tiān	wáng	wàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si³	tin¹	wong⁴	wong⁶

Proper noun

四天王天

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (四天王天):

→ Japanese: 四(し)天(てん)王(のう)天(てん) (shitennōten)
→ Korean: 사천왕천(四天王天) (sacheonwangcheon)

(Buddhism) The Cāturmahārājakāyika heaven (first of the six heavens in the Realm of Desire, located on the slopes of Mount Sumeru).
Synonym: 四大王眾天／四大王众天

Further reading

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “四天王天” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

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