土地退化

Chinese

		ground; soil; land ground; soil; land; territory	to degenerate; to atrophy; to deteriorate to degenerate; to atrophy; to deteriorate; to worsen; to decline; to fall; to drop
trad. (土地退化)		土地	退化
simp. ^#(土地退化)		土地	退化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tǔdì tuìhuà

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tǔdì tuìhuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tǔdì tuèihuà
  - Wade–Giles: tʻu³-ti⁴ tʻui⁴-hua⁴
  - Yale: tǔ-dì twèi-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuudih tueyhuah
  - Palladius: туди туйхуа (tudi tujxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

Noun

土地退化

(ecology) land degradation

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