夜伽

Japanese
Kanji in this term
夜 伽
よ
Grade: 2		 とぎ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Etymology

Compound of 夜 (yo, “night, nighttime”) +‎ 伽 (togi, “company, accompaniment”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 対ぐ (togu, “to keep someone company, to accompany someone”, obsolete, rare, possibly dialect)).[1][2][3]

First cited to a text from 1658.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

夜(よ)伽(とぎ) • (yotogi) 

  1. [1658] watching over someone overnight while they sleep (such as done by a nurse or a bodyguard)
  2. [1658] a person who watches over someone overnight
  3. [1754–75] a woman accompanying a man in sleep
  4. [1920] an overnight vigil (as part of a funeral)

Verb

夜(よ)伽(とぎ)する • (yotogi suru) intransitive suru (stem 夜(よ)伽(とぎ)し (yotogi shi), past 夜(よ)伽(とぎ)した (yotogi shita))

  1. [1658] to watch over someone overnight while they sleep
  2. [1754–75] of a woman, to accompany a man in sleep
  3. [1920] to hold an overnight vigil (as part of a funeral)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "夜伽する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 夜伽し よとぎし yotogi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 夜伽し よとぎし yotogi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 夜伽する よとぎする yotogi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 夜伽する よとぎする yotogi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 夜伽すれ よとぎすれ yotogi sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 夜伽せよ¹
夜伽しろ²		 よとぎせよ¹
よとぎしろ²		 yotogi seyo¹
yotogi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 夜伽される よとぎされる yotogi sareru
Causative 夜伽させる
夜伽さす		 よとぎさせる
よとぎさす		 yotogi saseru
yotogi sasu
Potential 夜伽できる よとぎできる yotogi dekiru
Volitional 夜伽しよう よとぎしよう yotogi shiyō
Negative 夜伽しない よとぎしない yotogi shinai
Negative continuative 夜伽せず よとぎせず yotogi sezu
Formal 夜伽します よとぎします yotogi shimasu
Perfective 夜伽した よとぎした yotogi shita
Conjunctive 夜伽して よとぎして yotogi shite
Hypothetical conditional 夜伽すれば よとぎすれば yotogi sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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