忍辱

Chinese

		to bear; to endure; to tolerate	disgrace; insult
trad. (忍辱)		忍	辱
simp. ^#(忍辱)		忍	辱

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rěnrǔ, rěnrù

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˇ ㄖㄨˇ, ㄖㄣˇ ㄖㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jan² juk⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): jím-jio̍k / lím-lio̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rěnrǔ [Phonetic: rénrǔ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˇ ㄖㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rěnrǔ
  - Wade–Giles: jên³-ju³
  - Yale: rěn-rǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reenruu
  - Palladius: жэньжу (žɛnʹžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rěnrù
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˇ ㄖㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rěnrù
  - Wade–Giles: jên³-ju⁴
  - Yale: rěn-rù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reenruh
  - Palladius: жэньжу (žɛnʹžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jan² juk⁶
  - Yale: yán yuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan² juk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen² yug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn³⁵ jʊk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jím-jio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: jím-jio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jymjiok
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ziɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím-lio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lím-lio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lymliok
  - IPA (Taipei): /lim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔk̚⁴/

Verb

忍辱

(literary) to endure humiliation
韓信忍辱／韩信忍辱 ― Hán Xìn rěnrǔ ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

含垢忍辱
含羞忍辱
忍辱偷生 (rěnrǔtōushēng)
忍辱含垢
忍辱含羞
忍辱求全
忍辱負重／忍辱负重 (rěnrǔfùzhòng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (忍辱):

→ Japanese: 忍辱(にんにく) (ninniku)
→ Korean: 인욕(忍辱) (inyok)
→ Vietnamese: nhẫn nhục (忍辱)

→? Japanese: 蒜(にんにく) (ninniku)

Japanese

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) にんにく [nìńníkú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ĩɲ̟ɲ̟ikɯ̟ᵝ]

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
忍	辱
にん Grade: S	にく Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 忍辱 (MC nyinX nyowk), in turn a translation of Sanskrit क्षान्ति (kṣānti, “patience, forbearance, forgiveness”).[3]

First cited to the early 800s.[3]

Noun

忍(にん)辱(にく) • (ninniku)

[from early 800s] (Buddhism) kshanti: patience, forbearance and forgiveness: one of the paramitas in Theravāda and Mahāyāna Buddhism
Synonym: (more generally, not tied to Buddhism) 忍耐 (nintai)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
忍	辱
にん Grade: S	にく Grade: S
goon

Alternative spellings
蒜大蒜葫

Uncertain. See the main entry for more.

For pronunciation and definitions of 忍辱 – see the following entry.

【蒜にんにく】H

[noun] [date uncertain] garlic

Alternative spellings
大蒜, 葫, ニンニク

(This term, 忍辱, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
“忍辱”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

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