掴む

See also: 摑む

Japanese
Kanji in this term
掴
つか
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
摑む (kyūjitai)
攫む
抓む

Etymology

Derived from 束 (tsuka, “bunch, bundle”) +‎ む (-mu, verb-forming suffix indicating “to look like, to seem like”).[1]

First cited to a text from 850.[2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) つか​む [tsùkáꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [2])[3]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝka̠mɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "掴む"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 掴む つか​む [tsùkáꜜmù]
Imperative (命令形) 掴め つか​め [tsùkáꜜmè]
Key constructions
Passive 掴まれる つかまれ​る [tsùkámáréꜜrù]
Causative 掴ませる つかませ​る [tsùkámáséꜜrù]
Potential 掴める つかめ​る [tsùkáméꜜrù]
Volitional 掴もう つかも​ー [tsùkámóꜜò]
Negative 掴まない つかま​ない [tsùkámáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 掴まなかった つかま​なかった [tsùkámáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 掴みます つかみま​す [tsùkámímáꜜsù]
Perfective 掴んだ つか​んだ [tsùkáꜜǹdà]
Conjunctive 掴んで つか​んで [tsùkáꜜǹdè]
Hypothetical conditional 掴めば つか​めば [tsùkáꜜmèbà]

Verb

掴(つか)む • (tsukamu) transitive godan (stem 掴(つか)み (tsukami), past 掴(つか)んだ (tsukanda))

Japanese verb pair
active 掴む
mediopassive 掴まる
  1. [from 850] to grab
  2. [from 850] to grip, take hold of
  3. [from 1724] to accept (a bribe)
  4. [from 1701] to abduct, kidnap
  5. [from 1897] to capture, grasp (imagination, hearts, opportunities, etc.)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "掴む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 掴ま つかま tsukama
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 掴み つかみ tsukami
Shūshikei ("terminal") 掴む つかむ tsukamu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 掴む つかむ tsukamu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 掴め つかめ tsukame
Meireikei ("imperative") 掴め つかめ tsukame
Key constructions
Passive 掴まれる つかまれる tsukamareru
Causative 掴ませる
掴ます		 つかませる
つかます		 tsukamaseru
tsukamasu
Potential 掴める つかめる tsukameru
Volitional 掴もう つかもう tsukamō
Negative 掴まない つかまない tsukamanai
Negative continuative 掴まず つかまず tsukamazu
Formal 掴みます つかみます tsukamimasu
Perfective 掴んだ つかんだ tsukanda
Conjunctive 掴んで つかんで tsukande
Hypothetical conditional 掴めば つかめば tsukameba
Classical conjugation of "掴む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 掴まつかまtukama
Continuative (連用形) 掴みつかみtukami
Terminal (終止形) 掴むつかむtukamu
Attributive (連体形) 掴むつかむtukamu
Realis (已然形) 掴めつかめtukame
Imperative (命令形) 掴めつかめtukame
Key constructions
Negative 掴まずつかまずtukamazu
Contrasting conjunction 掴めどつかめどtukamedo
Causal conjunction 掴めばつかめばtukameba
Conditional conjunction 掴まばつかまばtukamaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 掴みきつかみきtukamiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 掴みけりつかみけりtukamikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 掴みつつかみつtukamitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 掴みぬつかみぬtukaminu
Perfect-continuative tense 掴めり
掴みたり		つかめり
つかみたり		tukameri
tukamitari
Volitional 掴まむつかまむtukamamu

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 掴(つか)まえる (tsukamaeru)
  • 掴(つか)ませる (tsukamaseru)
  • 掴(つか)まゆ (tsukamayu)
  • 掴(つか)み合(あ)う (tsukamiau)
  • 掴(つか)み上(あ)げる (tsukamiageru)
  • 掴(つか)み洗(あら)い (tsukamiarai)
  • 掴(つか)み金(きん) (tsukamikin)
  • 掴(つか)み込(こ)む (tsukamikomu)
  • 掴(つか)み殺(ころ)す (tsukamikorosu)
  • 掴(つか)み染(ぞ)め (tsukamizome)
  • 掴(つか)み高(だか) (tsukamidaka)
  • 掴(つか)み出(だ)す (tsukamidasu)
  • 掴(つか)み立(た)つ (tsukamitatsu)
  • 掴(つか)み付(つ)く (tsukamitsuku)
  • 掴(つか)み潰(つぶ)す (tsukamitsubusu)
  • 掴(つか)み所(どころ) (tsukamidokoro)
  • 掴(つか)み取(ど)る (tsukamidoru)
  • 掴(つか)み投(な)げ (tsukaminage)
  • 掴(つか)み奉(ぼう)公(こう) (tsukamibōkō)
  • 掴(つか)み料(りょう)理(り) (tsukamiryōri)
  • 掻(か)い掴(つか)む (kaitsukamu), 掻(か)っ掴(つか)む (kattsukamu)
  • 引(ひ)っ掴(つか)む (hittsukamu), 引(ひ)き掴(つか)む (hikitsukamu)

Idioms
Idioms
  • 牛(うし)掴(つか)むばかりの暗(くら)がり (ushi tsukamu bakari no kuragari)
  • 雲(くも)を掴(つか)む (kumo o tsukamu)
  • 虚(こ)空(くう)を掴(つか)む (kokū o tsukamu)
  • 心(こころ)を掴(つか)む (kokoro o tsukamu)
  • 尻尾(しっぽ)を掴(つか)む (shippo o tsukamu)
  • 砂(すな)を掴(つか)む (suna o tsukamu)
  • 濡(ぬ)れ手(て)で粟(あわ)をつかむ (nurete de awa o tsukamu)

Proverbs
  • 溺(おぼ)れる者(もの)は藁(わら)をも掴(つか)む (oboreru mono wa wara o mo tsukamu)
  • 倒(たお)るる所(ところ)に土(つち)を掴(つか)む (taoruru tokoro ni tsuchi o tsukamu)

See also

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. “掴・攫・抓”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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