損益

See also: 损益

Chinese

		to damage; injure; to lose to damage; injure; to lose; to harm	benefit; increase
trad. (損益)		損	益
simp. (损益)		损	益

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sǔnyì

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣˇ ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): syun² jik¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sún-ek / sńg-ek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sǔnyì
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣˇ ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sǔnyì
  - Wade–Giles: sun³-i⁴
  - Yale: swǔn-yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soenyih
  - Palladius: суньи (sunʹi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: syun² jik¹
  - Yale: syún yīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: syn² jik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: xun² yig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syːn³⁵ jɪk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sún-ek
  - Tâi-lô: sún-ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: swn'eg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /sun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sńg-ek
  - Tâi-lô: sńg-ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sngfeg
  - IPA (Taipei): /sŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: swonX 'jiek

Rime
Character	損	益
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	蘇本切	伊昔切
Baxter	swonX	'jiek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suən^X/	/ʔiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/suon^X/	/ʔiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/suən^X/	/ʔiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swən^X/	/ʔiajk̚/
Li Rong	/suən^X/	/ʔiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/suən^X/	/ĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/suən^X/	/ʔi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǔn	yi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syun²	jik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-q]ʷˤə[n]ʔ q[i]k/

(Zhengzhang): /*sqʰuːnʔ qleɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	損	益
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sǔn	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ swon^X ›	‹ ʔjiek ›
Old Chinese	/*[s-q]ʷˁə[n]ʔ/	/q[i]k/ (dialect: -ik > *-ek)
English	diminish, damage	increase
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	損	益
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	16202	15081
Phonetic component	員	益
Rime group	文	錫
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	損	益
Old Chinese	/*sqʰuːnʔ/	/*qleɡ/

Verb

損益

(literary, ergative) to increase and decrease; to modify; to evolve incrementally
- 殷因於夏禮，所損益可知也；周因於殷禮，所損益可知也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  殷因于夏礼，所损益可知也；周因于殷礼，所损益可知也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yīn yīn yú Xià lǐ, suǒ sǔnyì kězhī yě; Zhōu yīn yú Yīn lǐ, suǒ sǔnyì kězhī yě. [Pinyin]
  The Yin dynasty followed the regulations of the Xia; wherein it took from or added to them may be known. The Zhou dynasty has followed the regulations of Yin; wherein it took from or added to them may be known.

Noun

損益

(accounting) profit and loss

Japanese

Kanji in this term
損	益
そん Grade: 5	えき Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そんえき [sóꜜǹ'èkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [sõ̞ɰ̃e̞kʲi]

Noun

損(そん)益(えき) • (son'eki)

(finance) profit and loss, gain and loss

Derived terms

損益分岐点(そんえきぶんきてん) (son'eki bunkiten)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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