曲る

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
曲
きょく
Grade: 3
kan’on

A denominal verb, from noun 曲 (kyoku, “something off, bent, or not quite right”) +‎ る (-ru, generic verb-forming suffix).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

曲(きょく)る • (kyokuru) †yodan

  1. [from 1439] (archaic, possibly obsolete) to tease, to make fun of, to make a fool of, to ridicule, to mock
    Synonyms: からかう (karakau), ひやかす (hiyakasu), ちゃかす (chakasu)
  2. [from 1724] (archaic, possibly obsolete) to joke around, to kid, to talk around a subject; to speak kindly or gently
  3. [from 1851] (archaic, possibly obsolete) to perform an acrobatic stunt or trick

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "曲る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 曲らきょくらkyokura
Continuative (連用形) 曲りきょくりkyokuri
Terminal (終止形) 曲るきょくるkyokuru
Attributive (連体形) 曲るきょくるkyokuru
Realis (已然形) 曲れきょくれkyokure
Imperative (命令形) 曲れきょくれkyokure
Key constructions
Negative 曲らずきょくらずkyokurazu
Contrasting conjunction 曲れどきょくれどkyokuredo
Causal conjunction 曲ればきょくればkyokureba
Conditional conjunction 曲らばきょくらばkyokuraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 曲りききょくりきkyokuriki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 曲りけりきょくりけりkyokurikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 曲りつきょくりつkyokuritu
Perfect tense (natural event) 曲りぬきょくりぬkyokurinu
Perfect-continuative tense 曲れり
曲りたり		きょくれり
きょくりたり		kyokureri
kyokuritari
Volitional 曲らむきょくらむkyokuramu

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
曲
ま(が)
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Uncommon variant spelling for 曲がる (magaru), omitting the が (ga) from the okurigana.

For pronunciation and definitions of 曲る – see the following entry.
【曲まがる】
[verb] to bend, to curve, to warp, to wind, to twist
[verb] to turn
[verb] to be awry, to be askew, to be crooked
(This term, 曲る, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

References
  1. “曲”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. “曲る”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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