苦頭

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	head; (noun suffix)
trad. (苦頭)		苦	頭
simp. (苦头)		苦	头

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǔtóu

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄊㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² tau⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-thâu / khó͘-thiô
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ku³ tou

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǔtóu → kǔtou (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄊㄡˊ → ㄎㄨˇ ˙ㄊㄡ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǔto̊u
  - Wade–Giles: kʻu³-tʻou⁵
  - Yale: kǔ-tou
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuu.tour
  - Palladius: кутоу (kutou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/ → /kʰu²¹⁴ tʰoʊ̯⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǔtóur → kǔtour (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄊㄡˊㄦ → ㄎㄨˇ ˙ㄊㄡㄦ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǔto̊ur
  - Wade–Giles: kʻu³-tʻou⁵-ʼrh
  - Yale: kǔ-tour
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuu.tourl
  - Palladius: кутоур (kutour)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/ → /kʰu²¹⁴ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu² tau⁴
  - Yale: fú tàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu² tau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu² teo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-thâu
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-thâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoftaau
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau¹³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰau²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-thiô
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-thiô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoftiooi
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰio²⁴/

Note:

khó͘-thiô - literary;
khó͘-thâu - vernacular.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ku³ tou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu⁴¹ tʰə̹u̯³/

Noun

苦頭

(colloquial) slight bitter taste
(informal) suffering; setback; misery

Derived terms

吃苦頭／吃苦头 (chī kǔtou)

苦頭

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also