關塞

Chinese

		to close; to shut; to turn off to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass	to stuff; to stop up; to squeeze in to stuff; to stop up; to squeeze in; strategic pass; piston; unenlightened; Serb (abbrev.); Serbian
trad. (關塞)		關	塞
simp. (关塞)		关	塞

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guānsài

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢㄙㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan¹ coi³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guānsài
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢㄙㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guansài
  - Wade–Giles: kuan¹-sai⁴
  - Yale: gwān-sài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guansay
  - Palladius: гуаньсай (guanʹsaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwaan¹ coi³
  - Yale: gwāan choi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan¹ tsoi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: guan¹ coi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

Middle Chinese: kwaen sojH

Rime
Character	關	塞
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	古還切	先代切
Baxter	kwaen	sojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuan/	/sʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚan/	/səi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐn/	/sɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨn/	/səj^H/
Li Rong	/kuan/	/sᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/kwan/	/sɒi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwan/	/sɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guān	sài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaan¹	soi³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤro[n] [s]ˤək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kroːn slɯːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	關	塞	塞
Reading #	1/3	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guān	sài	sài
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæn ›	‹ soj^H ›	‹ soj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁro[n]/	/*[s]ˁək-s/	/*[s]ˁək-s/
English	barrier	frontier	pass (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	關	塞
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	8640	10958
Phonetic component	卵	塞
Rime group	元	代
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	關	賽
Old Chinese	/*kroːn/	/*slɯːɡs/

Noun

關塞

frontier pass and fortress

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (關塞):

→ Vietnamese: quan tái (關塞)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
關	塞

Noun

關塞

chữ Hán form of quan tái (“frontier pass and fortress”).

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