韭菜

Chinese

		leek	dish (type of food); vegetables
trad. (韭菜/韮菜)		韭/韮	菜
simp. (韭菜)		韭	菜

Etymology

The neologism sense comes from the fact that garlic chives are able to regrow after their part above the ground is cut off.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiǔcài

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄘㄞˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiu³ cai⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gau² coi³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): giu² toi^1-4
Gan (Wiktionary): jiu³ cai
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiú-chhoi

(Meixian, Guangdong): giu³ coi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): jiou² cai³
Eastern Min (BUC): giū-chái
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kú-chhài

(Teochew, Peng'im): gu² cai³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵cieu-tshe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jiou³ cai⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔcài
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄘㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒucài
  - Wade–Giles: chiu³-tsʻai⁴
  - Yale: jyǒu-tsài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeoutsay
  - Palladius: цзюцай (czjucaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    酒菜
    韭菜
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jiu³ cai⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giucai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiəu⁵³ t͡sʰai²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gau² coi³
  - Yale: gáu choi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gau² tsoi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: geo² coi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: giu² toi^1-4
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu⁵⁵ tʰᵘɔi³³⁻²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: jiu³ cai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiu²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sʰai¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiú-chhoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: giu` coi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giu³ coi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯u³¹ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giu³ coi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kiu³¹ t͡sʰoɪ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jiou² cai³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəu⁵³ t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giū-chái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieu³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡sʰ-)ʒɑi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kú-chhài
  - Tâi-lô: kú-tshài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kwzhaix
  - IPA (Taipei): /ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /ku⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ku⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gu² cai³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kú tshài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰai²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵cieu-tshe
  - MiniDict: cieu^去 tshe
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jieu-tshe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɤ³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jiou³ cai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

Noun

韭菜

garlic chive; Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum)
(Mainland China, neologism, figurative, Internet slang) someone who can be repeatedly deceived and exploited, especially by the government or the stock market; dupe; shitizen
割韭菜 ― gē jiǔcài ― to reap the people
- 我被機構投資者割韭菜了。 [MSC, trad.]
  我被机构投资者割韭菜了。 [MSC, simp.]
  From:
  2021 February 10, ““割韭菜”“韭菜”用英语怎么说？”, in zhuanlan.zhihu.com‎:
  Wǒ bèi jīgòu tóuzīzhě gē jiǔcài le. [Pinyin]
  I was taken advantage of by the institutional investors.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 韭菜 (“garlic chives”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		韭
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		韭菜
Mandarin	Beijing	韭菜
	Taiwan	韭菜
	Tianjin	韭菜
	Chengde	韭菜
	Tangshan	韭菜
	Cangzhou	韭菜
	Baoding	韭菜
	Shijiazhuang	韭菜
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	韭菜
	Heihe	韭菜
	Qiqihar	韭菜
	Harbin	韭菜
	Jiamusi	韭菜
	Baicheng	韭菜
	Changchun	韭菜
	Tonghua	韭菜
	Shenyang	韭菜
	Dandong	韭菜
	Jinzhou	韭菜
	Dalian	韭菜
	Yantai	韭菜
	Yantai (Muping)	韭菜
	Qingdao	韭菜
	Lijin	韭菜
	Zhucheng	韭菜
	Jinan	韭菜
	Jining	韭菜
	Luoyang	韭菜
	Wanrong	韭菜
	Shangqiu	韭菜
	Yuanyang	韭菜
	Zhengzhou	韭菜
	Lingbao	韭菜
	Xinyang	韭菜
	Baihe	韭菜
	Hanzhong	韭菜
	Xi'an	韭菜
	Baoji	韭菜
	Yinchuan	韭菜
	Tianshui	韭菜
	Lanzhou	韭菜
	Dunhuang	韭菜
	Xining	韭菜
	Hami	韭菜
	Ürümqi	韭菜
	Wuhan	韭菜
	Huanggang	韭菜
	Yichang	韭菜
	Xiangyang	韭菜
	Tianmen	韭菜
	Hong'an	韭菜
	Chengdu	韭菜
	Nanchong	韭菜
	Dazhou	韭菜
	Hanyuan	韭菜
	Xichang	韭菜
	Zigong	韭菜
	Chongqing	韭菜
	Guiyang	韭菜
	Zunyi	韭菜
	Bijie	韭菜
	Liping	韭菜
	Zhaotong	韭菜
	Dali	韭菜
Kunming	韭菜
Mengzi	韭菜
Guilin	韭菜
Liuzhou	韭菜, 扁菜
Jishou	韭菜
Changde	韭菜
Anqing	韭菜
Xuzhou	韭菜
Fuyang	韭菜
Wuhu	韭菜
Yangzhou	韭菜
Lianyungang	韭菜
Lianshui	韭菜
Nanjing	韭菜
Hefei	韭菜
Nantong	韭菜
Malaysia	韭菜
Singapore	韭菜
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	韭菜
Dagudi (Maliba)	韭菜
Reshuitang (Longling)	韭菜
Mae Salong (Lancang)	韭菜
Mae Sai (Tengchong)	韭菜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	韭菜
	Hong Kong	韭菜
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	韭菜
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	韭菜
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	韭菜
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	韭菜
	Taishan	韭菜
	Dongguan	韭菜
	Yangjiang	韭菜
	Nanning	扁菜
	Wuzhou	快菜
	Yulin	韭菜
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	韭菜
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	韭菜
	Singapore (Guangfu)	韭菜
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	韭菜
Gan	Nanchang	韭菜, 快菜 dated
	Pengze	韭菜
	Lichuan	韭菜
	Pingxiang	韭菜
Hakka	Meixian	韭菜, 快菜
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	韭菜
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	韭菜
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	韭菜, 快菜
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	快菜
	Wuhua (Changbu)	韭菜
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	韭菜
	Yudu	韭菜, 快菜 sailors
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	快菜
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	快菜
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	韭菜
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	韭菜
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	韭菜
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	韭菜
	Hong Kong	韭菜
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	韭菜
	Sabah (Longchuan)	韭菜
	Senai (Huiyang)	韭菜
	Singkawang	快菜
Huizhou	Jixi	韭菜
Huizhou	Shexian	韭菜
Jin	Taiyuan	韭菜
	Yangyuan	韭菜
	Datong	韭菜
	Xinzhou	韭菜
	Lishi	韭菜
	Linfen	韭菜
	Changzhi	韭菜
	Linhe	韭菜
	Jining	韭菜
	Hohhot	韭菜
	Erenhot	韭菜
	Pingshan	韭菜
	Zhangjiakou	韭菜
	Handan	韭菜
	Linzhou	韭菜
	Suide	韭菜
Northern Min	Jian'ou	韭仔
Northern Min	Wuyishan	韭仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	韭菜
	Fuqing	韭菜
	Matsu	韭菜
Southern Min	Xiamen	韭菜
	Quanzhou	韭菜
	Zhangzhou	韭菜
	Taipei	韭菜
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	韭菜
	Kaohsiung	韭菜
	Yilan	韭菜
	Kinmen	韭菜
	Penghu (Magong)	韭菜
	Penang (Hokkien)	韭菜
	Singapore (Hokkien)	韭菜
	Manila (Hokkien)	韭菜
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	韭菜
	Datian	韭菜仔
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	韭菜
	Chaozhou	韭菜
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	韭菜
	Haikou	韭菜
Puxian Min	Putian	韭菜
Central Min	Yong'an	韭菜
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	扁菜, 韭菜
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	韭菜
Wu	Shanghai	韭菜
	Shanghai (Chongming)	韭菜
	Suzhou	韭菜
	Danyang	韭菜
	Hangzhou	韭菜
	Ningbo	韭菜
	Wenzhou	韭菜
	Jinhua	韭菜
Xiang	Changsha	韭菜
	Loudi	韭菜
	Shuangfeng	韭菜
	Quanzhou	韭菜

Derived terms

割韭菜
白韭菜
韭菜命
韭菜春
韭菜盒 (jiǔcàihé)
韭菜盒子 (jiǔcài hézi)
韭菜粿 (jiǔcàiguǒ)
韭菜花 (jiǔcàihuā)
韭菜餃／韭菜饺 (jiǔcàijiǎo)

Descendants

→ Malay: kucai
- Indonesian: kucai
- → Pattani Malay: کوچا / กูจา
→ Mongolian: жууцай (žuucaj)
→ Kazakh: жұсай (jūsai)
→ Khmer: គូឆាយ (kuuchaay)
→ Russian: джусай (džusaj)
→ Thai: กุยช่าย (gui-châai)

References

“Entry #5660”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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