ꜥn

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From a form of ꜥnn (“to turn back”).

Adverb


  1. (Late Egyptian) again, once more, anew
  2. (Late Egyptian) back, to a previous condition or place
  3. (Late Egyptian) furthermore, in addition
  4. (Late Egyptian, negated) nor yet, nor
  5. (Late Egyptian, negated) nevermore, never again
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥn  


ꜥnw ꜥnw ꜥnw
[Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period]
Descendants
  • Demotic: ꜥn, jn
    • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲛ (on)
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)
    • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲛ (on)

Noun

 m

  1. writing tablet made of wood or metal [since the Middle Kingdom]
Inflection
Declension of ꜥn (masculine)
singular ꜥn
dual ꜥnwj
plural ꜥnw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥn  





ꜥn ꜥnj ꜥnw ꜥn ꜥnw
[Middle Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [Greco-Roman Period]
abbreviation

Etymology 3

Nominalized from the participle of ꜥnj (“to be beautiful, pleasant, kind”).

Noun


 m

  1. kind, pleasant man
Inflection
Declension of ꜥn (masculine)
singular ꜥn
dual ꜥnwj
plural ꜥnw

Etymology 4

Compare ꜥf (“there”) and ꜥꜣ (“here, there”), apparently paralleling the several series of demonstrative determiners with endings -n, -f, -ꜣ, for instance pn, pf, and pꜣ.

Adverb

  1. (Neo-Middle Egyptian) here [18th Dynasty]
See also
Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners pronouns1 adverbs
number singular dual plural unmarked
gender masculine feminine masculine feminine masculine feminine unmarked
proximal to speaker pn
 tn, jtn
 *jpnj
 *jptnj
 jpn
 jptn
 nn
 —
distal pf
 tf
 *jpfj
 *jptfj
 jpf
 jptf
 nf
 —
proximal to spoken of pj, pw, py, p
 tj, tw, jtw
 jpwj
 *jptwj
 jpw
 jptw
 nw
 —
vocative pꜣ
 tꜣ
 —
 —
 —
 —
 nꜣ
 ꜥꜣ
  1. Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
determiners and pronouns adverbs
number singular plural1
gender masculine feminine unmarked
proximal pn
 tn
 nn
 ꜥn
distal pf, pfꜣ
 tf, tfꜣ
 nf, nfꜣ
 ꜥf
‘copula’; vocative pw, pwy
 tw, twy
 nw
 —
anaphoric pꜣ
 tꜣ
 nꜣ
 ꜥꜣ
  1. Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine feminine plural adverb
pronoun pꜣw
 dj
determiners and pronouns pꜣj
 tꜣj
 nꜣj
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns) pꜣy
 tꜣy
 nꜣy
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) p-n, pꜣ
 t-nt, tꜣ
 nꜣyw, nꜣ
definite articles pꜣ
 tꜣ
 nꜣ1
indefinite articles wꜥ1
 nhꜣy1
  1. Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.

References
  • “ꜥn (lemma ID 38050)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “ꜥn (lemma ID 38020)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “ꜥn (lemma ID 38080)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “ꜥn (lemma ID 38000)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 187.11, 187.13–187.14, 189.8–189.16, 190.7
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 43
  • Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 68–69
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