그윽하다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 그ᅀᅳᆨᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: kùzùk-hòtá). From Old Korean 密只 (*KUSUk-), equivalent to modern 그윽 (geueuk) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɯɯkʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [그으카다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geueukhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geueughada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŭŭkhada |
| Yale Romanization? | kuuk.hata |
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 그윽하다 (geueukhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 그윽하다 geueukhada |
그윽해 geueukhae |
그윽해요 geueukhaeyo |
그윽합니다 geueukhamnida |
| Past | 그윽했다 geueukhaetda |
그윽했어 geueukhaesseo |
그윽했어요 geueukhaesseoyo |
그윽했습니다 geueukhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 그윽하냐 geueukhanya |
그윽해 geueukhae |
그윽해요 geueukhaeyo |
그윽합니까 geueukhamnikka |
| Past | 그윽했냐 geueukhaennya |
그윽했어 geueukhaesseo |
그윽했어요 geueukhaesseoyo |
그윽했습니까 geueukhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 그윽하겠다 geueukhagetda | 그윽하겠어 geueukhagesseo | 그윽하겠어요 geueukhagesseoyo | 그윽하겠습니다 geueukhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 그윽해 geueukhae | 그윽해서, 그윽하여서 geueukhaeseo, geueukhayeoseo | 그윽하니 geueukhani | 그윽하니까 geueukhanikka | |
| Contrast | 그윽하지만 geueukhajiman | 그윽한데 geueukhande | 그윽하더니 geueukhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 그윽하고 geueukhago | ||||
| Condition | 그윽하면 geueukhamyeon | 그윽해야, 그윽하여야 geueukhaeya, geueukhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 그윽함 geueukham | 그윽하기 geueukhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 그윽했음, 그윽하였음 geueukhaesseum, geueukhayeosseum | 그윽했기, 그윽하였기 geueukhaetgi, geueukhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 그윽한 geueukhan | |||
| Future | 그윽할 geueukhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 그윽하시다 geueukhasida |
그윽하셔 geueukhasyeo |
그윽하세요, 그윽하셔요 geueukhaseyo, geueukhasyeoyo |
그윽하십니다 geueukhasimnida |
| Past | 그윽하셨다 geueukhasyeotda |
그윽하셨어 geueukhasyeosseo |
그윽하셨어요 geueukhasyeosseoyo |
그윽하셨습니다 geueukhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 그윽하시냐 geueukhasinya |
그윽하셔 geueukhasyeo |
그윽하세요, 그윽하셔요 geueukhaseyo, geueukhasyeoyo |
그윽하십니까 geueukhasimnikka |
| Past | 그윽하셨냐 geueukhasyeonnya |
그윽하셨어 geueukhasyeosseo |
그윽하셨어요 geueukhasyeosseoyo |
그윽하셨습니까 geueukhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 그윽하시겠다 geueukhasigetda | 그윽하시겠어 geueukhasigesseo | 그윽하시겠어요 geueukhasigesseoyo | 그윽하시겠습니다 geueukhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 그윽하셔 geueukhasyeo | 그윽하셔서 geueukhasyeoseo | 그윽하시니 geueukhasini | 그윽하시니까 geueukhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 그윽하시지만 geueukhasijiman | 그윽하신데 geueukhasinde | 그윽하시더니 geueukhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 그윽하시고 geueukhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 그윽하시면 geueukhasimyeon | 그윽하셔야 geueukhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 그윽하심 geueukhasim | 그윽하시기 geueukhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 그윽하셨음 geueukhasyeosseum | 그윽하셨기 geueukhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 그윽하신 geueukhasin | |||
| Future | 그윽하실 geueukhasil | ||||
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