비참하다
Korean
Etymology
비참(悲慘) (bicham) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈpi(ː)t͡ɕʰa̠mɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [비(ː)참하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | bichamhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | bichamhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | pich'amhada |
| Yale Romanization? | pī.chamhata |
Adjective
비참하다 • (bichamhada) (infinitive 비참해 or 비참하여, sequential 비참하니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 비참하다 (bichamhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 비참하다 bichamhada |
비참해 bichamhae |
비참해요 bichamhaeyo |
비참합니다 bichamhamnida |
| Past | 비참했다 bichamhaetda |
비참했어 bichamhaesseo |
비참했어요 bichamhaesseoyo |
비참했습니다 bichamhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 비참하냐 bichamhanya |
비참해 bichamhae |
비참해요 bichamhaeyo |
비참합니까 bichamhamnikka |
| Past | 비참했냐 bichamhaennya |
비참했어 bichamhaesseo |
비참했어요 bichamhaesseoyo |
비참했습니까 bichamhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 비참하겠다 bichamhagetda | 비참하겠어 bichamhagesseo | 비참하겠어요 bichamhagesseoyo | 비참하겠습니다 bichamhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 비참해 bichamhae | 비참해서, 비참하여서 bichamhaeseo, bichamhayeoseo | 비참하니 bichamhani | 비참하니까 bichamhanikka | |
| Contrast | 비참하지만 bichamhajiman | 비참한데 bichamhande | 비참하더니 bichamhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 비참하고 bichamhago | ||||
| Condition | 비참하면 bichamhamyeon | 비참해야, 비참하여야 bichamhaeya, bichamhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 비참함 bichamham | 비참하기 bichamhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 비참했음, 비참하였음 bichamhaesseum, bichamhayeosseum | 비참했기, 비참하였기 bichamhaetgi, bichamhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 비참한 bichamhan | |||
| Future | 비참할 bichamhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 비참하시다 bichamhasida |
비참하셔 bichamhasyeo |
비참하세요, 비참하셔요 bichamhaseyo, bichamhasyeoyo |
비참하십니다 bichamhasimnida |
| Past | 비참하셨다 bichamhasyeotda |
비참하셨어 bichamhasyeosseo |
비참하셨어요 bichamhasyeosseoyo |
비참하셨습니다 bichamhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 비참하시냐 bichamhasinya |
비참하셔 bichamhasyeo |
비참하세요, 비참하셔요 bichamhaseyo, bichamhasyeoyo |
비참하십니까 bichamhasimnikka |
| Past | 비참하셨냐 bichamhasyeonnya |
비참하셨어 bichamhasyeosseo |
비참하셨어요 bichamhasyeosseoyo |
비참하셨습니까 bichamhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 비참하시겠다 bichamhasigetda | 비참하시겠어 bichamhasigesseo | 비참하시겠어요 bichamhasigesseoyo | 비참하시겠습니다 bichamhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 비참하셔 bichamhasyeo | 비참하셔서 bichamhasyeoseo | 비참하시니 bichamhasini | 비참하시니까 bichamhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 비참하시지만 bichamhasijiman | 비참하신데 bichamhasinde | 비참하시더니 bichamhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 비참하시고 bichamhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 비참하시면 bichamhasimyeon | 비참하셔야 bichamhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 비참하심 bichamhasim | 비참하시기 bichamhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 비참하셨음 bichamhasyeosseum | 비참하셨기 bichamhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 비참하신 bichamhasin | |||
| Future | 비참하실 bichamhasil | ||||
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