예다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 녀다 (Yale: nyeta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈje̞(ː)da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | yeda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | yeda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | yeda |
| Yale Romanization? | yēyta |
Verb
예다 • (yeda) (infinitive 예어, sequential 예니)
- (archaic) to go
- c. 1790, 樂學拾零 (Akhak Seumnyeong):
- ᄉᆡ벽 셔리 지ᄂᆞᆫ ᄃᆞᆯ에 외기러기 우러 옐 졔 / 반가온 님의 쇼식 ᄒᆡᆼ혀 올가 ᄇᆞ랏더니
- Saebyeok syeori jineun dar-e oegireogi ureo yel jye / bangaon nim-ui syosik haenghyeo olkka baratdeoni
- By the dawn's frost and the setting moon, while the lone goose was going while crying / I dared to hope that news from my welcome love might come
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 예다 (yeda): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 옌다 yenda |
예어 yeeo |
예어요 yeeoyo |
옙니다 yemnida |
| Past | 예었다 yeeotda |
예었어 yeeosseo |
예었어요 yeeosseoyo |
예었습니다 yeeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 예느냐 yeneunya |
예어 yeeo |
예어요 yeeoyo |
옙니까 yemnikka |
| Past | 예었느냐 yeeonneunya |
예었어 yeeosseo |
예었어요 yeeosseoyo |
예었습니까 yeeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 예자 yeja | 예어 yeeo | 예어요 yeeoyo | 예십시다 yesipsida | |
| Imperative | 예어라 yeeora | 예어 yeeo | 예어요 yeeoyo | 옙시오 yepsio | |
| Assertive | 예겠다 yegetda | 예겠어 yegesseo | 예겠어요 yegesseoyo | 예겠습니다 yegetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 예어 yeeo | 예어서 yeeoseo | 예니 yeni | 예니까 yenikka | |
| Contrast | 예지만 yejiman | 예는데 yeneunde | 예더니 yedeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 예고 yego | ||||
| Condition | 예면 yemyeon | 예어야 yeeoya | |||
| Motive | 예려고 yeryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 옘 yem | 예기 yegi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 예었음 yeeosseum | 예었기 yeeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 옌 yen | |||
| Present | 예는 yeneun | ||||
| Future | 옐 yel | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 예신다 yesinda |
예셔 yesyeo |
예세요, 예셔요 yeseyo, yesyeoyo |
예십니다 yesimnida |
| Past | 예셨다 yesyeotda |
예셨어 yesyeosseo |
예셨어요 yesyeosseoyo |
예셨습니다 yesyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 예시느냐 yesineunya |
예셔 yesyeo |
예세요, 예셔요 yeseyo, yesyeoyo |
예십니까 yesimnikka |
| Past | 예셨느냐 yesyeonneunya |
예셨어 yesyeosseo |
예셨어요 yesyeosseoyo |
예셨습니까 yesyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 예시라 yesira | 예셔 yesyeo | 예세요 yeseyo | 예십시오 yesipsio | |
| Assertive | 예시겠다 yesigetda | 예시겠어 yesigesseo | 예시겠어요 yesigesseoyo | 예시겠습니다 yesigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 예셔 yesyeo | 예셔서 yesyeoseo | 예시니 yesini | 예시니까 yesinikka | |
| Contrast | 예시지만 yesijiman | 예시는데 yesineunde | 예시더니 yesideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 예시고 yesigo | ||||
| Condition | 예시면 yesimyeon | 예셔야 yesyeoya | |||
| Motive | 예시려고 yesiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 예심 yesim | 예시기 yesigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 예셨음 yesyeosseum | 예셨기 yesyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 예신 yesin | |||
| Present | 예시는 yesineun | ||||
| Future | 예실 yesil | ||||
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