옹졸하다
Korean
Etymology
옹졸(壅拙) (ongjol) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈo̞(ː)ŋd͡ʑo̞ɾɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [옹(ː)졸하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ongjolhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ongjolhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ongjorhada |
| Yale Romanization? | ōngcol.hata |
Adjective
옹졸하다 • (ongjolhada) (infinitive 옹졸해 or 옹졸하여, sequential 옹졸하니)
- (to be) narrow-minded; to be intolerant
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 옹졸하다 (ongjolhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 옹졸하다 ongjolhada |
옹졸해 ongjolhae |
옹졸해요 ongjolhaeyo |
옹졸합니다 ongjolhamnida |
| Past | 옹졸했다 ongjolhaetda |
옹졸했어 ongjolhaesseo |
옹졸했어요 ongjolhaesseoyo |
옹졸했습니다 ongjolhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 옹졸하냐 ongjolhanya |
옹졸해 ongjolhae |
옹졸해요 ongjolhaeyo |
옹졸합니까 ongjolhamnikka |
| Past | 옹졸했냐 ongjolhaennya |
옹졸했어 ongjolhaesseo |
옹졸했어요 ongjolhaesseoyo |
옹졸했습니까 ongjolhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 옹졸하겠다 ongjolhagetda | 옹졸하겠어 ongjolhagesseo | 옹졸하겠어요 ongjolhagesseoyo | 옹졸하겠습니다 ongjolhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 옹졸해 ongjolhae | 옹졸해서, 옹졸하여서 ongjolhaeseo, ongjolhayeoseo | 옹졸하니 ongjolhani | 옹졸하니까 ongjolhanikka | |
| Contrast | 옹졸하지만 ongjolhajiman | 옹졸한데 ongjolhande | 옹졸하더니 ongjolhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 옹졸하고 ongjolhago | ||||
| Condition | 옹졸하면 ongjolhamyeon | 옹졸해야, 옹졸하여야 ongjolhaeya, ongjolhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 옹졸함 ongjolham | 옹졸하기 ongjolhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 옹졸했음, 옹졸하였음 ongjolhaesseum, ongjolhayeosseum | 옹졸했기, 옹졸하였기 ongjolhaetgi, ongjolhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 옹졸한 ongjolhan | |||
| Future | 옹졸할 ongjolhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 옹졸하시다 ongjolhasida |
옹졸하셔 ongjolhasyeo |
옹졸하세요, 옹졸하셔요 ongjolhaseyo, ongjolhasyeoyo |
옹졸하십니다 ongjolhasimnida |
| Past | 옹졸하셨다 ongjolhasyeotda |
옹졸하셨어 ongjolhasyeosseo |
옹졸하셨어요 ongjolhasyeosseoyo |
옹졸하셨습니다 ongjolhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 옹졸하시냐 ongjolhasinya |
옹졸하셔 ongjolhasyeo |
옹졸하세요, 옹졸하셔요 ongjolhaseyo, ongjolhasyeoyo |
옹졸하십니까 ongjolhasimnikka |
| Past | 옹졸하셨냐 ongjolhasyeonnya |
옹졸하셨어 ongjolhasyeosseo |
옹졸하셨어요 ongjolhasyeosseoyo |
옹졸하셨습니까 ongjolhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 옹졸하시겠다 ongjolhasigetda | 옹졸하시겠어 ongjolhasigesseo | 옹졸하시겠어요 ongjolhasigesseoyo | 옹졸하시겠습니다 ongjolhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 옹졸하셔 ongjolhasyeo | 옹졸하셔서 ongjolhasyeoseo | 옹졸하시니 ongjolhasini | 옹졸하시니까 ongjolhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 옹졸하시지만 ongjolhasijiman | 옹졸하신데 ongjolhasinde | 옹졸하시더니 ongjolhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 옹졸하시고 ongjolhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 옹졸하시면 ongjolhasimyeon | 옹졸하셔야 ongjolhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 옹졸하심 ongjolhasim | 옹졸하시기 ongjolhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 옹졸하셨음 ongjolhasyeosseum | 옹졸하셨기 ongjolhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 옹졸하신 ongjolhasin | |||
| Future | 옹졸하실 ongjolhasil | ||||
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