참다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄎᆞᆷ〮다〮 (Yale: chóm-tá).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ɕʰa̠(ː)mt͈a̠]
  • Phonetic hangul: [참(ː)따]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?chamda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?chamda
McCune–Reischauer?ch'amta
Yale Romanization?chāmqta

Verb

참다 • (chamda) (infinitive 참아, sequential 참으니)

  1. (transitive) to bear; to endure
    더 이상 참을 수가 없어요. ― Deo isang chameul su-ga eopseoyo. ― I can't stand it any longer.

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 참다 (chamda): consonant-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 참는다
chamneunda		 참아
chama		 참아요
chamayo		 참습니다
chamseumnida
Past 참았다
chamatda		 참았어
chamasseo		 참았어요
chamasseoyo		 참았습니다
chamatseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 참느냐
chamneunya		 참아
chama		 참아요
chamayo		 참습니까
chamseumnikka
Past 참았느냐
chamanneunya		 참았어
chamasseo		 참았어요
chamasseoyo		 참았습니까
chamatseumnikka
Hortative 참자
chamja		참아
chama		참아요
chamayo		참으십시다
chameusipsida
Imperative 참아라
chamara		참아
chama		참아요
chamayo		참읍시오
chameupsio
Assertive 참겠다
chamgetda		참겠어
chamgesseo		참겠어요
chamgesseoyo		참겠습니다
chamgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 참아
chama		참아서
chamaseo		참으니
chameuni		참으니까
chameunikka
Contrast 참지만
chamjiman		참는데
chamneunde		참더니
chamdeoni
Conjunction 참고
chamgo
Condition 참으면
chameumyeon		참아야
chamaya
Motive 참으려고
chameuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 참음
chameum		참기
chamgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 참았음
chamasseum		참았기
chamatgi
Determiners Past 참은
chameun
Present 참는
chamneun
Future 참을
chameul
Sentence-final forms with honorific
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 참으신다
chameusinda		 참으셔
chameusyeo		 참으세요, 참으셔요
chameuseyo, chameusyeoyo		 참으십니다
chameusimnida
Past 참으셨다
chameusyeotda		 참으셨어
chameusyeosseo		 참으셨어요
chameusyeosseoyo		 참으셨습니다
chameusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 참으시느냐
chameusineunya		 참으셔
chameusyeo		 참으세요, 참으셔요
chameuseyo, chameusyeoyo		 참으십니까
chameusimnikka
Past 참으셨느냐
chameusyeonneunya		 참으셨어
chameusyeosseo		 참으셨어요
chameusyeosseoyo		 참으셨습니까
chameusyeotseumnikka
Imperative 참으시라
chameusira		참으셔
chameusyeo		참으세요
chameuseyo		참으십시오
chameusipsio
Assertive 참으시겠다
chameusigetda		참으시겠어
chameusigesseo		참으시겠어요
chameusigesseoyo		참으시겠습니다
chameusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 참으셔
chameusyeo		참으셔서
chameusyeoseo		참으시니
chameusini		참으시니까
chameusinikka
Contrast 참으시지만
chameusijiman		참으시는데
chameusineunde		참으시더니
chameusideoni
Conjunction 참으시고
chameusigo
Condition 참으시면
chameusimyeon		참으셔야
chameusyeoya
Motive 참으시려고
chameusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 참으심
chameusim		참으시기
chameusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 참으셨음
chameusyeosseum		참으셨기
chameusyeotgi
Determiners Past 참으신
chameusin
Present 참으시는
chameusineun
Future 참으실
chameusil

Derived terms
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