𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +β€Ž 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (haunjan)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈhɔːnjan/

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 β€’ (gahaunjan) (perfective)

  1. to humble, abase
    • 2 Corinthians 12:21:
      𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 πŒ°π†π„π‚πŒ° 𐌡𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌺 𐌲𐌿𐌸 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹 πŒ°π„ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ΅πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½π‰ πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πƒ 𐌸𐌹𐌢𐌴 π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ° π†π‚πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ΄ 𐌾𐌰𐌽-𐌽𐌹 πŒΉπŒ³π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²π‰πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ΄ 𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒΏπŒ½πŒ·π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΉπŒΈπŒ°πŒΉ πŒΈπ‰πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒ²πŒ°π„πŒ°π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½, πŒ·π‰π‚πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πƒπƒπŒ°πŒΏ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒΎπŒ°.
      ibai aftra qimandan mik guΓΎ gahaunjai at izwis jah qainō managans ΓΎizΔ“ faura frawaurkjandanΔ“ jan-ni idreigōndanΔ“ ana unhrainiΓΎai þōei gatawidΔ“dun, hōrinassau jah aglaitja.
      And lest, when I come again, my God will humble me among you, and that I shall bewail many which have sinned already, and have not repented of the uncleanness and fornication and lasciviousness which they have committed. (KJV)
    • Philippians 2:8:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ²πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πƒπ…πŒ΄ 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰, 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌰 πƒπŒΉπŒΊ πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ±πŒ°πŒ½, π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒΏπ†πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒ°π„π„πŒΉπŒ½ 𐌿𐌽𐌳 […]
      jah manaulja bigitans swΔ“ manna, gahaunida sik silban, waurΓΎans ufhausjands attin und […]
      And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto [death, even the death of the cross]. (KJV)

Conjugation
Class 1 weak
Infinitive 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽
gahaunjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰
gahaunja		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌰
gahaunida		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
gahaunjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gahauneis		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gahaunidΔ“s		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌢𐌰
gahaunjaza
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸
gahauneiþ		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌰
gahaunida		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
gahaunjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΎπ‰πƒ
gahaunjōs		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿
gahaunidΔ“du		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gahaunjats		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gahaunidΔ“duts		 β€”
1st plural 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌼
gahaunjam		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼
gahaunidΔ“dum		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gahaunjanda
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸
gahauneiþ		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸
gahaunidΔ“duΓΎ		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gahaunjanda
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳
gahaunjand		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽
gahaunidΔ“dun		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gahaunjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿
gahaunjau		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿
gahaunidΔ“djau		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
gahaunjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gahaunjais		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gahaunidΔ“deis		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿
gahaunjaizau
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹
gahaunjai		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹
gahaunidΔ“di		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
gahaunjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gahaunjaiwa		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gahaunidΔ“deiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gahaunjaits		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gahaunidΔ“deits		 β€”
1st plural 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
gahaunjaima		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
gahaunidΔ“deima		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gahaunjaindau
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸
gahaunjaiþ		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
gahaunidΔ“deiΓΎ		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gahaunjaindau
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
gahaunjaina		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
gahaunidΔ“deina		 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gahaunjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌴𐌹
gahaunei
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
gahaunjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gahaunjats
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸
gahauneiΓΎ
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gahaunjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gahaunjands		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gahauniΓΎs

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 56
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