-илка

Bulgarian

Etymology

Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ило (-ilo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ило (-ilo) and the diminutive form in -илка (-ilka) are attested, e.g.:

обеся (obesja, “to gibbet”) → бесило (besilo, “gibbet”) → бесилка (besilka, “gibbet, gallows”).

Occasionally, the suffix can be applied on loanwords ending on -(и)л-, e.g.:

French bouteille → Bulgarian бутилка (butilka, “bottle”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [-iɫkɐ]
  • Audio(file)

Suffix

-илка • (-ilka) f

  1. Deverbal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns.
    храня (hranja, “to feed”) → хранилка (hranilka, “feeder, feeding trough”)
    поя (poja, “to quench”) → поилка (poilka, “quencher, quenching trough”)
    остря (ostrja, “to sharpen”) → острилка (ostrilka, “pencil sharpener”)
    мътя (mǎtja, “to stir, to rumple”) → мътилка (mǎtilka, “sludge”)
  2. Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or object nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) causative verb.
    кост (kost, “bone”) → костя (kostja, “to get rid of bones”) (obsolete) → костилка (kostilka, “pyrene”)
    мас (mas, “ointment, liniment”) → *мазя (*mazja) → мазилка (mazilka, “coating (of wall), plaster”)
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