Kardashev scale

English

Etymology

Named after Russian astrophysicist Nikolai Kardashev (1932–2019).

Proper noun

Kardashev scale

  1. A scale that measures the technological level of a civilization by the extent of its energy consumption.
    • 2012, John R. Shook, Liz Stillwaggon Swan, Transformers and Philosophy: More than Meets the Mind, Open Court, →ISBN, page 10:
      Let us think of an ethical scale for civilizations in the same spirit as the Kardashev scale. I'll modestly call it the Hall scale.
    • 2014, Ian Douglas, Dark Matter (Star Carrier, Book 5), HarperCollins UK, →ISBN:
      Earth's civilization during the late twentieth century when the Kardashev scale was first proposed, utilizing roughly 15 terawatts globally, would have been defined as approximately K​0.71.

Further reading
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