Panathenaea

Learned borrowing from Latin Panathēnaea, and from its etymon Ancient Greek Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ (Panathḗnaia), a noun use of the neuter plural of Παναθηναῖος (Panathēnaîos, “Panathenian”) (in Παναθήναια ἱερᾰ́ (Panathḗnaia hierá, “Panathenian solemnities”)), from πᾰν- (pan-, prefix meaning ‘all; every’) + Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos, “of or relating to Athens, Athenian”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos) is derived from either Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, “Athens”) or Ᾰ̓θήνη (Athḗnē, “Athena, patron goddess of Athens”) + -ῐος (-ios, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).[1]

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌpæn.æ.θɪˈniː.ə/

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• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌpænˌæ.θəˈni.ə/
• Rhymes: -iːə
• Hyphenation: Pan‧a‧then‧aea

Panathenaea

1. (Ancient Greece, historical) A festival formerly held annually in Athens to honour the city's patron goddess Athena, involving animal sacrifices, a grand procession, and, every fourth year, athletic and musical contests.
   • [1578], John Lylly [i.e., John Lyly], “Of the Education of Youth”, in Euphues. The Anatomy of Wyt. […], London: […] Thomas East, for Gabriell Cawood, […], →OCLC; republished in Edward Arber, editor, Euphues. The Anatomy of Wit. […] Euphues and His England. […], London: Alex[ander] Murray & Son, […], 1 October 1868, →OCLC, page 141:

     When Panthænea^[sic] wer celebrated at Athens, an olde man gooing to take a place was mockingly reiected, at the laſt comming among the Lacedemonians, all the youth gaue him place, which the Athenians liked wel off, then one of the Spartans cryed out: Verily the Athenians know what ſhould be done, but they neuer doe it.

     Spelled Panathænea in the 1st edition of the work.

   • [1603, Plutarch, “[An Explanation of Sundry Hard Words and Obscure Terms, in this Translation of Plutarch, [….] Panathenæa]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Philosophie, Commonlie Called, The Morals […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield, →OCLC, page 645:

     Panathenæa. A ſolemnity held at Athens: vvherein the vvhole city men, vvomen and children vvere aſſembled. And ſuch games, dances and plaies as vvere then exhibited; or vvhat orations vvere then and there made, they called Panathenaik.]

   • a. 1823 (date written), Plato, “[Essays, Letters from Abroad, Translations and Fragments] Ion; or, Of the Iliad; Translated from Plato”, in Percy Bysshe Shelley, transl., edited by [Mary Wollstonecraft] Shelley, The Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, new edition, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1850, →OCLC, page 67, column 1:

     Ion.— […] [T]here were contests in every species of music. […] I bore away the first prize at the games, O Socrates. / Socrates.—Well done! You have now only to consider how you shall win the Panathenæa.

• Panathenaia

• Panathenaean

• Panathenaic

• Panathenaea on Wikipedia.Wikipedia