< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸenos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pen- (“moist; wet; mud; swamp; water”). Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌽𐌹 (fani).

Noun

*ɸenos m[1]

  1. water

Declension
Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *ɸenos *ɸenou *ɸenoi
vocative *ɸene *ɸenou *ɸenūs
accusative *ɸenom *ɸenou *ɸenoms
genitive *ɸenī *ɸenous *ɸenom
dative *ɸenūi *ɸenobom *ɸenobos
locative *ɸenei *? *?
instrumental *ɸenū *ɸenobim *ɸenūis

Derived terms
  • *ɸenākos (“swamp”)
    • Middle Irish: *enach

Descendants
  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Welsh: enwyn (“buttermilk”)
  • Middle Irish: en (“water”) [2]
  • Gaulish: anam (“swamp, marsh”) (accusative singular), *Enos (“River Inn”)

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*feno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 127
  2. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “en”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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