< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/cuk'ëldak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Possibly from sound-symbolic root +‎ *-(e)ldak.

Verb

*cuk'ëldak (stem *cukkëlë-)

  1. to dive (swim or jump under water)
  2. to swim

Inflection
Inflection of *cuk'ëldak
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
present past imperative optative
1st sing. *cukkëlën *cukkëlin — *cuk'ëlgon
2nd sing. *cukkëlët *cukkëlit *cukkëlëk *cuk'ëlgos
3rd sing. *cukkëlëpi
*cuk'ël		 *cukkëli *cuk'ëlkasën *cuk'ëlkosën
1st plur. *cukkëlëkmëk
*cukkëlëkmak		 *cukkëlimëk
*cukkëlimak		 *cuk'ëlkatëmëk
*cuk'ëlkatamak		 *cuk'ëlkotëmëk
*cuk'ëlkotamak
2nd plur. *cukkëlëktëk
*cukkëlëktak		 *cukkëlidëk
*cukkëlidak		 *cuk'ëlkatë
*cuk'ëlkata		 *cuk'ëlgot'ëk
*cuk'ëlkotadak
3rd plur. *cukkëlëbat
*cuk'ël		 *cukkëli *cuk'ëlkasën *cuk'ëlkosën
passive *cukkëlëksën
*cukkëlët'aksën		 *cuk'ëltisën
*cukkëlëttihën		 *cuk'ëltakahën
*cukkëlëttagasën		 *cuk'ëltakohën
*cukkëlëttagosën
connegative *cukkëlëk — *cuk'ëlgak *cuk'ëlgok
passive connegative *cukkëlëktak — *cuk'ëltagak
*cukkëlëttagak		 *cuk'ëltagok
*cukkëlëttagok
conditional 1 conditional 2 potential
1st sing. *cukkëlëkcin *cukkëlicin *cuk'ëllën
2nd sing. *cukkëlëkcit *cukkëlicit *cuk'ëllët
3rd sing. *cukkëlëkci *cukkëlici *cuk'ëlli
1st plur. *cukkëlëkcimëk
*cukkëlëkcimak		 *cukkëlicimëk
*cukkëlicimak		 *cuk'ëllëmëk
*cuk'ëllëmak
2nd plur. *cukkëlëkcidëk
*cukkëlëkcidak		 *cukkëlicidëk
*cukkëlicidak		 *cuk'ëllëdëk
*cuk'ëllëdak
3rd plur. *cukkëlëkci *cukkëlici *cuk'ëlli
passive *cuk'ëldakcihën
*cukkëlët'akcisën		 *cuk'ëlticihën
*cukkëlëtticisën		 *cuk'ëltanëhën
*cukkëlëttanësën
connegative *cukkëlëkcik *cukkëlicik *cuk'ëllëk
passive connegative *cuk'ëldakcik
*cukkëlët'akcik		 *cuk'ëlticik
*cukkëlëtticik		 *cuk'ëltanëk
*cukkëlëttanëk
non-finite forms infinitives/nouns participles
active passive
infinitive 1 *cuk'ëldak present *cukkëlëpa *cuk'ëltapa
*cukkëlëttaba
infinitive 2 *cuk'ëltë- past *cuk'ëllut *cuk'ëltu
*cukkëlëttu
gerund/supine *cukkëlëma
action noun *cukkëlëminen

Descendants
  • Estonian: suplema/supelda
  • Finnish: ⇒ sukeltaa
    • → Estonian: sukeldama/sukeldada
  • Karelian: ⇒
    • North Karelian: čukeltoa
    • South Karelian: čukeltua
  • Livvi: ⇒ čukeldua
  • Ludian: ⇒ čukelduda, čukelzuda
  • Veps: ⇒ čuklahtada
  • Võro: tsuklõma/tsukõldaq

Further reading
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sukeltaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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