< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kumartadak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From [Term?] + *-tadak. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Inflection
Inflection of *kumartadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kumardan | *kumardoin | — | *kumartagon |
| 2nd sing. | *kumardat | *kumardoit | *kumardak | *kumartagos |
| 3rd sing. | *kumartapi *kumarta |
*kumartoi | *kumartakahën | *kumartakohën |
| 1st plur. | *kumardakmëk *kumardakmak |
*kumartoimëk *kumartoimak |
*kumartakadëmëk *kumartakadamak |
*kumartakodëmëk *kumartakodamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kumardaktëk *kumardaktak |
*kumartoidëk *kumartoidak |
*kumartakadë *kumartakada |
*kumartagot'ëk *kumartakodadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kumartabat *kumarta |
*kumartoi | *kumartakahën | *kumartakohën |
| passive | *kumardaksën *kumardat'aksën |
*kumartatihën *kumardattihën |
*kumartatagasën *kumardattagasën |
*kumartatagosën *kumardattagosën |
| connegative | *kumardak | — | *kumartagak | *kumartagok |
| passive connegative | *kumardaktak | — | *kumartatagak *kumardattagak |
*kumartatagok *kumardattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kumardakcin | *kumartoicin | *kumartanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kumardakcit | *kumartoicit | *kumartanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kumardakci | *kumartoici | *kumartani | |
| 1st plur. | *kumardakcimëk *kumardakcimak |
*kumartoicimëk *kumartoicimak |
*kumartanëmëk *kumartanëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kumardakcidëk *kumardakcidak |
*kumartoicidëk *kumartoicidak |
*kumartanëdëk *kumartanëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kumardakci | *kumartoici | *kumartani | |
| passive | *kumartadakcisën *kumardat'akcisën |
*kumartaticisën *kumardatticisën |
*kumartatanësën *kumardattanësën | |
| connegative | *kumardakcik | *kumartoicik | *kumartanëk | |
| passive connegative | *kumartadakcik *kumardat'akcik |
*kumartaticik *kumardatticik |
*kumartatanëk *kumardattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kumartadak | present | *kumartapa | *kumartataba *kumardattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *kumartatë- | past | *kumartanut | *kumartatu *kumardattu |
| gerund/supine | *kumartama | |||
| action noun | *kumartaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kummardama/kummardada
- Finnish: kumartaa
- Ingrian: kummartaa
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: kumartua
- South Karelian: kumardua
- Livonian: kumārd
- Veps: kumarta
- Võro: kumardama/kumardaq
- Votic: kummarta
- → Proto-Samic: *komērtētēk (see there for further descendants)
From *kumartudak (with *-udak):
- Finnish: kumartua
- Karelian:
- South Karelian: kumarduo
- Livvi: kumarduo
- Ludian: kumarduda
Further reading
- “kummardama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kumara”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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