Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furhō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*furahō

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pérk-u-s ~ *pr̥kʷ-éw-s (“oak”).

Noun

*furhō f

fir; pine
forest (of fir or pine trees)

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *furhō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*furhō	*furhôz
vocative	*furhō	*furhôz
accusative	*furhǭ	*furhōz
genitive	*furhōz	*furhǫ̂
dative	*furhōi	*furhōmaz
instrumental	*furhō	*furhōmiz

Synonyms

(forest): *furhiþą, *skōgaz, *walþuz, *widuz

Related terms

*fergunją (“mountain; mountainous forest”)
*furhiþą n (“forest”)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *furhu
- Old English: fyrh, furh
  - Middle English: firre (perhaps partially or wholly derived from Old Norse)
    - English: fir
    - Scots: fir
- Old Saxon: furia
  - Middle Low German: vūre
    - Low German: Fuhr
- Old Dutch: *fura
  - ⇒ Dutch: Forolta
  - ⇒ Dutch: Fornhese
- Old High German: furh, furuh
  - Middle High German: vorhe
    - German: Föhre
Proto-Norse: *ᚠᚢᚱᚺᛟ (*furho) (< *furhǭ)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: *ᚠᚢᚱᚺᛁᛃᚨ (*furhija)
  - Old Norse: fýri
- Old Norse: fura
  - Icelandic: fura f
  - Faroese: fura f
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: fura f, fure f, furu f
  - Norwegian: (dialectal) furu, furo, foro (East Norway); føru, fårå, fåra, faro (Trøndelag); før, får (Northern Norway)
  - Norwegian Bokmål: furu f or m
  - Old Swedish: fora
    - Swedish: fura c, furu c
  - Danish: fyr c
    - Norwegian Bokmål: fyrr m
  - >? Middle English: firre
    - English: fir

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

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