< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lūtaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewd- (“to duck, crouch, feign, cringe, become small”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈluː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*lūtaną[1][2]

  1. to bow down, lout

Inflection
Conjugation of *lūtaną (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *lūtō*lūtaų—*lūtai ?
2nd singular *lūtizi*lūtaiz*lūt*lūtazai*lūtaizau
3rd singular *lūtidi*lūtai*lūtadau*lūtadai*lūtaidau
1st dual *lūtōz*lūtaiw———
2nd dual *lūtadiz*lūtaidiz*lūtadiz——
1st plural *lūtamaz*lūtaim—*lūtandai*lūtaindau
2nd plural *lūtid*lūtaid*lūtid*lūtandai*lūtaindau
3rd plural *lūtandi*lūtain*lūtandau*lūtandai*lūtaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *laut*lutį̄
2nd singular *laust*lutīz
3rd singular *laut*lutī
1st dual *lutū*lutīw
2nd dual *lutudiz*lutīdiz
1st plural *lutum*lutīm
2nd plural *lutud*lutīd
3rd plural *lutun*lutīn
present past
participles *lūtandz*lutanaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *lūtan
    • Old English: lūtan
  • Old Norse: lúta

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*lūtan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 345
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*lūtanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 252
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