Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱes-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kes-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ḱes-

to cut.
Synonym: *sek-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱes-‎ (1 c, 0 e)

*ḱes-eh₁ye-ti
- Proto-Italic: *kazēō
  - Latin: careō
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: castus
*ḱs-ewl-os
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śjaulas
  - Proto-Slavic: *šulъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *sūliz (“beam, post”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-West Germanic: *sūli (“pillar”) (see there for further descendants)
    - Old High German: sūl
*ḱs-to-
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: castus
*ḱs-so-?
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: cassus
*ḱs-trom
- Proto-Albanian: *tsatrā
  - Albanian: thadër
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćastrám
  - Sanskrit: शस्त्र (śastra)
    - → Hindi: शस्त्र (śastra) (learned)
    - → Odia: ଶସ୍ତ୍ର (śôstrô) (learned)
    - → Old Javanese: śastra
      - → Balinese: ᬲᬵᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (sastra, “arrow”)
    - →⇒ Telugu: శస్త్రము (śastramu)
    - →⇒ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਸਤਰ (śastar)
- Proto-Italic: *kastrom (“knife; cut-off part”)
  - Latin: castrum (“castle, fortress”)[1]
  - ⇒ Proto-Italic: *kastrāō
    - Latin: castrō (“I prune, castrate”)[2]

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “castrum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “castrō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97

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[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “castrum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “castrō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97