Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kel-[1]

to drive, particularly of animals

Descendants

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kel-‎ (4 c, 0 e)

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: कलयति (kalayati, “to drive, impel”)
Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Baltic:
  - Lithuanian: kelti (“to drive animals”)
Proto-Germanic: *haldaną (“to hold, keep”)[1] (see there for further descendants)
- → Finnish: hallita
  - → Estonian: haldama
Proto-Hellenic: *kelomai < *kel-etor
- Ancient Greek: κέλομαι (kélomai)
Proto-Hellenic: *keľľō < *kel-yeti
- Ancient Greek: κέλλω (kéllō)
Proto-Italic:
- Latin: celer (“swift, fast”)
Proto-Tocharian:[2]
- Tocharian B: käl-

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 184: “PWGmc *haldan”
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “käl-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 181

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[haldan-1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 184: “PWGmc *haldan”

[2] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “käl-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 181