Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mesg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*mesg- (imperfective)[1][2][3]

to dip, sink

Derived terms

*mésg-e-ti (thematic root imperfective)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máẑǰati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máźȷ́ati
    - Sanskrit: मज्जति (májjati)
- Proto-Italic: *mezgō
  - Latin: mergō
*mosg-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maẑǰáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *maźȷ́áyati
    - Sanskrit: मज्जयति (majjáyati)
*mosg-o-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *masg-, *mask- (denominative)
  - East Baltic:
    - Latvian: mazgāt (“to wash”)
    - Lithuanian: mazgóti (“to wash”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *mosky (“swamp, dampness, moisture”)
    - Old East Slavic: *Москꙑ (*Mosky)
      - ⇒ Old East Slavic: Москъвь (Moskŭvĭ), Московь (Moskovĭ)
        Old Ruthenian: Москва́ (Moskvá)
        Belarusian: Масква́ (Maskvá)
        Carpathian Rusyn: Москва́ (Moskvá)
        Ukrainian: Москва́ (Moskvá)
        Russian: Москва́ (Moskvá)
        → Armenian: Մոսկվա (Moskva)
        → Belarusian: Масква (Maskva)
        → Czech: Moskva
        Czech: moskva (“rye bread”) (uncommon)
        → Dungan: Москва (Moskva)
        → Greek: Μόσχα (Móscha)
        → Hebrew: מוסקבה (moskvá)
        → Hungarian: Moszkva
        → Ingrian: Moskova
        → Italian: Mosca
        → Japanese: モスクワ (Mosukuwa)
        → Karaim: Москва (Moskva)
        → Korean: 모스크바 (moseukeuba)
        → Kyrgyz: Москва (Moskva)
        → Latvian: Maskava
        → Norwegian Bokmål: Moskva
        → Polish: Moskwa
        → Romanian: Moscova
        → Slovak: Moskva
        → Vietnamese: Mát-xcơ-va
        → Yiddish: מאָסקווע (moskve)
        → Latin: Moscovia
        → English: Moscow
        → French: Moscou
        → German: Moskau
        → Dutch: Moskou
        → Tatar: Мәскәү (Mäskäw)
        → Bashkir: Мәскәү (Məskəw)
        → Kazakh: Мәскеу (Mäskeu)
    - Slovak: mozga (“puddle”)
    - Polish: mazgać; Mozgawa

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) “mezg-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 745-746
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*mesg-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 441
Derksen, Rick (2015) “mazgoti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 308

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[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “mezg-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 745-746

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*mesg-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 441

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015) “mazgoti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 308