< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰárati

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Rix derives the verb from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰérm̥-ti ~ *ǵʰr̥m-énti / *ǵʰr̥m-tór ~ *ǵʰr̥m-n̥tór, from *ǵʰrem- (“to vex; to be angry”).[1]

Mayrhofer, paraphrasing Szemerényi, suggests a derivation from an earlier form ȷ́ʰárd-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱérd (“heart”).[2]

However, Cheung is skeptical of these derivations, and refrains from assigning any etymology.[3]

Verb

*ȷ́ʰárati ~ *gʰr̥mánti / *ȷ́ʰr̥ntáy ~ *gʰr̥matáy[4]

  1. (transitive) to vex, torment
  2. (intransitive) to be angry, upset

Derived terms
  • *ȷ́ʰáȷ́ʰarānás (reduplicated aorist middle participle)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áźʰarānás
      • Sanskrit: जुहुरान (juhurāná)
    • Proto-Iranian: *jájarānáh
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀 (zazarāna, ptc.pf.med.)

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰṛṇtáy ~ *gʰṛmatáy
    • Sanskrit: हृणीषे (hṛṇīṣé, 2sg.pres.med.), हृणीते (hṛṇīte, 3sg.pres.med.), हृणान (hṛṇāná, ptc.med.)
      • ⇒ Sanskrit: हृणि (hṛṇi), घृणि (ghṛṇi, “anger”)
      • ⇒ Sanskrit: हृणीयते (hṛṇīyate, “be angry”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *járati (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178
  2. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 604-5
  3. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH2”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
  4. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*gram-, *gar-m-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 284-286
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