< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/twr̥Háti

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)twr̥H-é-ti, from *(s)twerH-.

Verb

*twr̥Háti[1]

  1. to hurry, hasten

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *twr̥Háti
    • Sanskrit: तुरति (turáti, “to hurry”)
      • ⇒ Sanskrit: तुर (turá, “prompt”)
      • ⇒ Sanskrit: तुर (turí, “swift”)
      • ⇒ Sanskrit: तुरया (turayā, “quickly”)
      • ⇒ Sanskrit: तुरण (turaṇa, “swift”)
        • ⇒ Sanskrit: तुरण्यति (turaṇyati, “to hurry, be quick”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Aryan: *twr̥Hnás
      • Sanskrit: तूर्णस् (tūrnás, “quickly”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Aryan: *twr̥Htás
      • Sanskrit: त्वरा (tūrtá, “expeditious, quick”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *θwr̥Háti[2]
    • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *niθwr̥Háti (+ *ni-)
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬥𐬌𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬝 (niduuārat̰, “to hasten”, 3sg.pres.act.subj.) (contaminated by 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (duuaraiti, “to run”)[2])
      • Middle Persian: (“to hurry”)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nswbʾlyh /⁠nihārih⁠/)
        Persian: نهاریدن (/⁠nehāridan⁠/, “to escape”)
      • Parthian: (/⁠niδfārīd⁠/, “to hasten, hurry”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫏𐫅𐫜𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (nydfʾryd), 𐫗𐫏𐫅𐫜𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫏𐫅 (nydfʾryyd)
      • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *niθwr̥Htáh
        • Parthian: (“hastening, swift”)
          Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫏𐫅𐫜𐫇𐫡𐫅𐫃 (nydfwrdg /⁠niδfurdag⁠/)
    • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *upaθwr̥Hati (+ *upa-)
      • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *upaθwr̥Háh
        • Sogdian: [script needed] (pδβʾr /⁠pθfār, pθvār⁠/)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (1988) The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European‎, Brill, page 38
  2. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*θu̯ar/tur”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 399
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