Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jartáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Ta-participle *járati (“to vex, torment, to be angry, upset”).[1][2]

Adjective

*jartáh

tormented, pained
angry, incensed

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (zar^əta)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫀𐫅 (zrʾd /⁠zard⁠/)
  - → Middle Persian: (/⁠zard⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫅 (zrd), 𐫉𐫡𐫀𐫅 (zrʾd)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/⁠dard⁠/, “pain, illness”) (nominalization)
  Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫅 (drd)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlt')
  - Persian: درد (dard), دردی (dordi)
    - → Azerbaijani: dərd
    - → Bengali: দরদ (dorod)
    - → Gujarati: દર્દ (dard)
    - → Hindustani:
      Urdu: درد (dard)
      Hindi: दर्द (dard)
    - → Kazakh: дерт (dert)
    - → Northern Kurdish: derd
    - → Middle Armenian: դարդ (dard), տարտ (tart), դերդ (derd), տէրտ (tērt)
      - → Armenian: դարդ (dard)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: درد (dert)
      - Turkish: dert
      - Albanian: dert
      - Greek: ντέρτι (ntérti)
    - → Punjabi:
      Gurmukhi script: ਦਰਦ (darad)
      Shahmukhi script: دَرَد (darad)
    - → Zazaki: derd
    - → Uyghur: دەرد (derd)
    - → Uzbek: dard

References

Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*darH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 61

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[1] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*darH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 61