Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kə-

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Pronoun

*kə-

this

Descendants

⇒ Proto-Japonic: *kə-re (nominalized)
- Old Japanese: 此れ (ko₂re)
  - Japanese: 此れ (kore)
- Proto-Ryukyuan: *kore
  - Northern Ryukyuan:
    - Kikai: 此り (furi)
    - Kunigami: 此りー (furī)
    - Northern Amami-Oshima: 此れぃ (xurï)
    - Okinawan: 此り (kuri)
    - Oki-No-Erabu: 此り (furi)
    - Southern Amami-Oshima: 此り (xuri), 此るっ (xur) (< *kori)
    - Toku-No-Shima: 此り (xuri, kuri), 此れぃ (xurï)
    - Yoron: 此り (furi)
  - Southern Ryukyuan:
    - Miyako: 此り (kuri), 此い (kui)
    - Yaeyama: 此り (kuri)
    - >? Yonaguni: 此 (kū)
⇒ Proto-Japonic: *kə-nə (attributive)
- Old Japanese: 此の (ko₂no₂)
  - Japanese: 此の (kono)
- Proto-Ryukyuan: *kono
  - Northern Ryukyuan:
    - Kikai: 此ん (fun), 此ぬ (funu, kunu)
    - Kunigami: 此ぬ (funu)
    - Northern Amami-Oshima: 此ん (xun)
    - Okinawan: 此ぬ (kunu)
    - Oki-No-Erabu: 此ぬ (funu)
    - Southern Amami-Oshima: 此ん (xun)
    - Toku-No-Shima: 此ん (kun)
    - Yoron: 此ぬ (funu)
  - Southern Ryukyuan:
    - Miyako: 此ぬ (kunu)
    - Yaeyama: 此ぬ (kunu)
    - Yonaguni: 此ぬ (kunu)
⇒ Proto-Ryukyuan: *koma (“here”)
- Northern Ryukyuan:
  - Kikai: 此間 (fuma)
  - Kunigami: 此間 (fumā)
  - Northern Amami-Oshima: 此間 (xuma)
  - Okinawan: 此間 (kuma)
  - Southern Amami-Oshima: 此間 (xuma)
  - Toku-No-Shima: 此間 (kuma)
  - Yoron: 此間 (fuma)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako: 此間 (kuma)
  - Yaeyama: 此間 (kuma)
  - Yonaguni: 此間 (kuma)
Old Japanese: 此方 (ko₂ti, “here”)
- Japanese: 此方 (kochi, kotchi)

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