< Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian

Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/maq̇w-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Noun

*maq̇w-

  1. blackberry (Rubus)

Descendants
  • Proto-Georgian-Zan:
    • ⇒ Old Georgian: მაყუალი (maq̇uali)
      • Georgian: მაყვალი (maq̇vali), მაყოლ (maq̇ol), მაყოუ̂ლ (maq̇oûl); მარქვალა (markvala)
        • → Andi: мукъали (muqˣʼali)
        • → Avar: мукъали (muqxʼali), мукъали (muqxʼali), мокъоли (moqxʼoli)
        • → Tsakhur: муькьали, мыкьалий
    • Zan:
  • Svan: მუყუ̂ (muq̇û)

References
  • Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 320
  • Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 282
  • Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 117
  • Schmidt, Karl Horst (1962) Studien zur Rekonstruktion des Lautstandes der südkaukasischen Grundsprache (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes; XXXIV, 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Kommissionsverlag Franz Steiner GmbH, page 123

Further reading
  • Gudava, Ṭogo (1960) “O-s u-ši gadasvlis zogierti šemtxveva zanur (megrul-č̣anur) enaši [Some cases of transition of o into u in Zan (Mingrelian-Chan) language]”, in Sakartvelos ssr mecnierebata aḳademiis moambe (in Georgian), volume 25, number 1, Tbilisi, page 119―122
  • Mač̣avariani, Givi (1956) “A xmovnis labializaciis šemtxvevebi svanurši [Cases of labialization of the vowel a in Svan]”, in Sakartvelos ssr mecnierebata aḳademiis moambe (in Georgian), number 4, Tbilisi, page 365―368
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