Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/tom-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Alternative reconstructions

*tma- (Klimov)

Noun

*tom- (Fähnrich–Sarǯvelaʒe)

hair

Reconstruction notes

For the semantic shift occurring in Svan, Fähnrich compares Ancient Greek ἴονθος (íonthos, “root of a hair; eruption on the face, which accompanies the first growth of the beard”) ~ Middle Irish find (“hair”).

Descendants

Proto-Georgian-Zan:
- Old Georgian: თმაჲ (tmay)
  - Georgian: თმა (tma)
- Zan:
  - Laz: თომა (toma), ნთომა (ntoma); თუმა (tuma)
  - Mingrelian: თუმა (tuma), თომა (toma)
Svan: შდო̈მ (šdöm, “rash”)

References

Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 73
Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 239
Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 198
Kiria, Č̣abuḳi, Ezugbaia, Lali, Memišiši, Omar, Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 795

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