Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/zaqat

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *zaqat ~ *zaqət (Blust, 2008)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɟ͡ʝaʔat/, /ɟ͡ʝaqat/

Adjective

*zaqat

bad, evil
ugly

Descendants

Proto-Philippine:
- Batanic
  - Itbayaten: raet
  - Yami: rahet
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Visayan
      - Cebuano: dáot
      - Hiligaynon: dáot
  - Danao
    - Maranao: rata
  - Manobo
    - Binukid: daét
    - Western Bukidnon Manobo: daat
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: daút
Basap-Greater Barito
- Sama-Bajaw
  - Central Sama: la'at
  - Yakan: la'at
  - Mapun: laat
- East Barito
  - Dusun Deyah: daat
  - Dusun Witu: ra'at
  - Tawoyan: daat
  - Malagasy: ratsy
- West Barito
  - Bakumpai: jahat
  - Kadorih: caat
- Basap: ja'at
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabah
  - Bonggi: doot
  - Ida'an: arat
- Southwest Sabah
  - Greater Dusunic:
    - Central Dusun: araat
    - Kadazan
      - Coastal Kadazan: alaat
      - Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: araat
    - Momogun
      - Kimaragang: ara'at
      - Minokok: araat
      - Rungus: araat
      - Tobilung: araat
  - Murutic
    - Burusu: arat
    - Paluan: alaat
    - Tagal Murut: alaat
    - Timugon Murut: alaat
  - Paitanic
    - Tombonuo: oraai
- North Sarawakan
  - Bintulu: ja'es
  - Berawan–Lower Baram
    - Miriʼ: jaat
    - Narom: jeət
  - Dayic
    - Kelabit: da'et
    - Lun Bawang: daat
      - Long Bawan: data
      - Long Semado: dat
  - Kenyah: *jaʔət
    - Highland A
      - Lepo’ Gah: ja’et
      - Lepo’ Laang: jat
      - Lepo’ Sawa: ja’at
    - Highland B
      - Badeng: ja’at
      - Lepo’ Tau: ja’at
    - Lowland
      - Lebo’ Vo’: ja’at
      - Uma’ Pawe: ja’et
    - Penan
      - Eastern Penan: sa'at
      - Western Penan: saat
- Central Sarawakan
  - Melanau-Kajang
    - Kajang
      - Kajaman: ja'at
      - Lahanan: ji'at, ja'at
      - Sekapan: ja'at
    - Melanau
      - Central Melanau: ja'et
      - Kanowit: je'ek
  - Punan: *jiət
    - Punan Aput: jiɛt
    - Punan Bah-Biau: jet
    - Punan Tubu: jɛt
    - Ukit: jiət
Kayanic: *jaʔak
- Kayan-Murik
  - Bahau: si'ak
  - Busang Kayan: ja'ak
  - Murik (Malaysia): sa'ak (Ngorek)
- Segai-Modang
  - Modang: aːk
  - Segai
    - Gaai: ak
    - Kelai: æk
Land Dayak: *jaʔat
- Benyadu-Bekati
  - Benyadu': jahat
  - Bekati': jahḛ́ʼ
- Bidayuh-Rejang
  - Hliboi Bidayuh: ja'at
- Southern
  - Sanggau: jahat
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Karo Batak: jahat
- Toba Batak: jahat
Lampungic: *jahat
- Abung: jahat
- Komering: jahat
- Lampung Api: jahat
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Proto-Chamic: *jəhaːt
  - Acehnese: jheut
  - Coastal Chamic:
    - Haroi: săt
    - Eastern Cham: jhak
  - Highlands Chamic:
    - Chru-Northern Chamic:
      - Chru: jəhaːʔ
      - Tsat: saːʔ²⁴
    - Jarai: sat
    - Rade: jhat
- Proto-Malayic: *jahat
  - Iban: jai
  - Malay: jahat
    - Indonesian: jahat
  - Urak Lawoi': ฌาฮัจ (jahac)
- Bali-Sasak
  - Balinese: jahat
Javanese: jahat
Celebic
- Bonerate: da'o
- Taje: jaati
- Uma: dada'a
Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Flores-Lembata
    - Lamaholot: da'
  - Sumba-Flores
    - Komodo: da'
    - Manggarai: da'at
    - Rembong: da'at
    - Riung: da'at
  - Timoric
    - Tetum: aat
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Proto-Oceanic: *saqat
    - Western Oceanic
      - Meso-Melanesian
        Label: saka
        
        Muduapa: zaha
        
        Uneapa: zaghata
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic
      - Southeast Solomonic
        Arosi: ta'a
        
        Lau: tā
        
        Sa'a: ta'a
      - Southern Oceanic
        Hiw: sa
        
        North Efate: sa
        
        Southeast Ambrym: sa
      - Central Pacific
        Fijian: ca
        
        Proto-Polynesian: *saqa
        Futunic
        East Futuna: sā
        
        Futuna-Aniwa: sa
        
        Mele-Fila: saa
        
        Eastern Polynesian
        Maori: hā (obsolete)
        
        Moriori: ha
        
        Tuamotuan: hā